HIGH YIELD II

Question 1

how is systemic arterial pH maintained?

Answer 1

extracellular and intracellular buffering mechanisms

Question 2

what are the buffering mechs for acid base disturbances?

Answer 2

carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

hemoglobin

plasma proteins

phosphate

Question 3

name this buffering mechanism:

tied to respiration
reaction goes slowly unless carbonic anhydrase is present

Answer 3

carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

Question 4

name this buffering mechanism:

histamine residues can bind with H+

each Hgb molecule with 38 histamine residues

Answer 4

hemoglobin

Question 5

name this buffering mechanism:

free carboxyl and amino groups are able to bind to H+

Answer 5

plasma proteins

Question 6

name this buffering mechanism:

least important buffering system in blood
-more important in urine

lowest capacity

Answer 6

phosphate

Question 7

under most circumstances CO2 production and secretion are balanced and P(CO2) is maintained at _____?

Answer 7

40 mmHg

Question 8

primary respiratory acidosis and alkalosis is compensated how?

Answer 8

kidneys initially attempt to compensate

Question 9

in primary metabolic acidosis, what is the compensation?

Answer 9

pulmonary

Question 10

anion gap reference range?

Answer 10

10-12 mmol/L (+/-5)

Question 11

principle of electronic neutrality requires the plasma to have no net charge, with cations being balanced by anions

Answer 11

anion gap

*HCO3- and Cl- do not equal Na+, so unmeasured anions must make up the difference