HIGH YIELD-TRIUM(ENDO, MYO), OVARY

Question 1

what are the types of endometrium disorders?

Answer 1

endometriosis
endometrial hyperplasia
endometrial carcinoma

Question 2

the presence of endometrial these in an abnormal location occurring in women of reproductive age causes endometriosis?

Answer 2

glands or stroma

Question 3

what are the main explanations of endometriosis?

Answer 3

regurgitation theory-reflux menstruation

metaplastic theory-endometrium could arise directly from coelomic epithelium

vascular/lymphatic dissemination

Question 4

major sites of involvement that cause the endometriosis?

Answer 4

ovary
uterine ligament
rectovaginal septum
pelvic perineum
laparotomy scars

Question 5

this endometrium disorder is characterized by:

red-blue, yellow-brown nodules; chocolate cysts

2/3 must be present for diagnosis:
endometrial glands, endometrial stroma, hemosiderin pigment

s/s: dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, pain on defecation, intestinal disturbances

Answer 5

endometriosis

Question 6

this endometrium disorder is related to high levels of prolonged estrogenic stimulation with little or absent progestational activity

*risk factors?

Answer 6

endometrial hyperplasia

*
polycystic ovarian disease (no ovulation)

granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (produces estrogen in excess)

cortica stroma hyperplasia

unopposed estrogen therapy

Question 7

what are the types of endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 7

3 major types, 2 grades

low grade: simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia

high grade: atypical hyperplasia (highest risk of progression to cancer)

Question 8

this is the most common invasive cancer of the female genital tract; accounts for 7% of invasive cancers in women (34,000 new cases/year)

this is most often?

*dysfunctional uterine bleeding with increased estrogen stimulation as the main cause for this

Answer 8

endometrial carcinoma

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

what are the two general groups of endometrial carcinoma?

Answer 9

estrogen stimulation hyperplasia

no hyperestrinism

Question 10

benign smooth muscle (fibroid) tumor, most common tumor in women

affects 25% of childbearing age women

estrogen responsive

asymptomatic, abnormal bleeding, urinary frequency, sudden pain, preg problems

sharply circumscribed

Answer 10

leiomyomas, type of myometrium

Question 11

what are the types of ovarian diseases?

Answer 11

non-neoplastic and functional cysts
-follicular and luteal cysts

polycystic ovarian disease

Question 12

name these ovarian diseases?

originate in unruptured graafian follicles or follicles which ruptured and immediately sealed

complex endocrine disorder

• menstrual abnormalities
• polycystic ovaries
• decreased fertility

Answer 12

follicular and luteal cysts

polycystic ovarian disease