TERMS

Question 1

waste product of protein/AAA metabolism

ammonia converted to urea in the liver

measured as BUN

filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the tubules, no secretion

what is this nitrogen waste clearance?

Answer 1

urea

Question 2

what is this nitrogen waste clearance?

converted to urea by the liver

toxic levels occur in some disease states

Answer 2

ammonia

Question 3

what is this nitrogen waste clearance?

fxn of lean body mass

derived from nonenzymatic interconversion of creatine in skeletal muscle

freely filtered by glomerulus, no reabsorption, partial tubular secretion

Answer 3

creatinine

Question 4

what is this nitrogen waste clearance?

derived from the oxidation of purine bases

Answer 4

uric acid

Question 5

what is this test of renal function?

serum/plasma concentration of nitrogen is proportional to serum/plasma concentration of urea

crude measure of renal fxn with levels increasing with decreasing renal fxn

Answer 5

blood urea nitrogen

Question 6

what is this test of renal function?

this is a serum/plasma concentration of creatinine with better measure of renal fxn than BUN and increases with decreasing renal fxn

Answer 6

creatinine

Question 7

this is a program to reduce interlab variation in creatinine assay calibration, giving more accurate estimates of GFR

Answer 7

creatinine standardization program

Question 8

what is this test of renal function?

this parallels the GFR w/ reference range of 125 mL/min and corrects for non renal factors influencing serum/plasma creatinine

better measure of renal fxn than BUN or creatinine

Answer 8

creatinine clearance

Question 9

what is this test of renal function?

normally scant amount of protein in urine, 150 mg excreted daily

detection of an abnormal amount in the urine is a reliable indication of renal disease

24 hr wait time

Answer 9

urine protein

Question 10

syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin, generalized edema, and increased serum lipids

protein excretion is typically 3.5 g/24 hrs

Answer 10

nephrotic syndrome

Question 11

the actual injury occurs to the kidney, either biomechanically or histologically

Answer 11

acute kidney injury (AKI)

Question 12

encompasses all causes including prerenal azotemia and obstructive uropathy

Answer 12

acute renal failure (ARF)

Question 13

this disease occurs with increased concentration of serum/plasma urea and/or creatinine

clinical symptoms not implied with many causes

Answer 13

azotemia

Question 14

name this type of azotemia?

trauma
hemorrhage
severe dehydration

Answer 14

pre renal azotemia

Question 15

name this type of azotemia?

chronic glomerulonephritis
bilateral chronic pyelonephritis
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Answer 15

renal azotemia

Question 16

name this type of azotemia?

ureteral/urethra obstruction
obstructing tumors of the bladder, congenital defects, prostatic obstruction

Answer 16

post renal azotemia

Question 17

name this disease, when you have azotemia + clinical S&S + biochemical abnormalities, resulting from marked reduction in overall renal fxn, and metabolic abnormalities

fatigue, lassitude
psychosis
anemia
peripheral neuropathy

Answer 17

uremia

Question 18

synthesized in the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, passes to the posterior pituitary, where it is stored and released

stimulates water reabsorption in distal tubules

concentrates urine

Answer 18

ADH

Question 19

total number of moles of a solute in solution after dissociation

Answer 19

osmole

Question 20

the number of osmoses of solute for every 1000g of solution

Answer 20

osmolality

Question 21

number of osmoles of solute for every liter of solution

Answer 21

osmolarity

Question 22

measure of water balance

Answer 22

osmolality

Question 23

pituitary insufficiency is what type of diabetes insipidus?

Answer 23

central

Question 24

renal insensitivity is what type of diabetes insipidus?

Answer 24

renal

Question 25

this is due to the inappropriate secretion of ADH?

Answer 25

SIADH