DISEASES

Question 1

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

2/3 preceded by acute viral illness
segmental demyelination
ascending paralysis
increased CSF protein

Answer 1

gullain barre syndrome

Question 2

most common chronic acquired inflammatory peripheral neuropathy

symmetrical mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy
persists for 2 or more months

it evolves, relapses possible and clinical remissions achieved with immunosuppressive therapies

Answer 2

polyradiculopathies

Question 3

mycobacterium leprae
schwann cells involved
segmental demyelination
nodular granulomatous inflammation
symmetric polyneuropathy

Answer 3

leprosy

Question 4

peripheral nerve involvement resulting in diphtheria exotoxin

paresthesias and weakness
selective demyelination

Answer 4

diphtheria

Question 5

latent infection of neurons in sensory ganglia of sinal cord and brain stem following chickenpox

virus travels along sensory nerves to skin
active infection of epidermal cells

affected:
neuronal destruction
axonal degeneration

Answer 5

varicella zoster virus

Question 6

name this HMSN type

AD, genetically heterogenous
childhood, early adulthood
progressive muscular atrophy of calf
onion bulbs

Answer 6

HMSN I charcot marie tooth disease-hypertrophic form

Question 7

name this HMSN type

nerve enlargement is not seen 
no onion bulb
slightly later age onset
segmental demyelination uncommon
loss of myelinated axon

Answer 7

HMSN II charcot marie tooth disease neuronal form

Question 8

name this HMSN type

early childhood
delay in acquisation of motor skills
distal weakness
areflexia
enlarged

size of individual peripheral nerve fascicles increased
onion bulb formation
segmental demyelination
axonal loss

Answer 8

HMSN III Dejarine-Sottas disease

Question 9

distal symmetric sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy

distal sensory loss

hyperesthesia, paresthesia, dysthesia

numbness, tingling, sharpness, burning

neuropathic pain
-rest, worse at night

lower extremities

what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?

Answer 9

diabetic neuropathy

Question 10

what are the types of autonomic neuropathy?

Answer 10

autonomic neuropathy
polyradiculopathy
mononeuropathy/mononeuropathy multiplex

Question 11

what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?

renal failure
distal, symmetric neuropathy
axonal degeneration

Answer 11

uremic neuropathy

Question 12

what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?

dry beriberi causes?

axonal neuropathies?

Answer 12

thiamine deficiency

B12, B6, E vitamin deficiencies

Question 13

what are the malignancy associated neuropathies, also acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?

Answer 13

direct infiltration or compression
paraneoplastic syndrome
plasma cell dycrasias

Question 14

peripheral neuropathies can occur following exposure to industrial or environmental chemicals, biologic toxins, or therapeutic drugs,

what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?

Answer 14

toxic

Question 15

most common entrapment neuropathy
compression of median nerve at level of wrist
numbness and paraesthesias of the thumb and 1st 2 digits

predisposing factors:
pregnancy
degenerative joint disease
hypothyroidism
amyloidosis
excessive use of wrist

Answer 15

carpel tunnel syndrome

Question 16

regeneration

regrowth may be complicated
disorganized proliferation of axons, schwann cells and perineural cells in a fibrocollagenous stroma

painful, treat with simple excision

what is this nerve sheath tumor, a non tumor?

Answer 16

traumatic neuroma

Question 17

plantar digital nerve
entrapment neuropathy
axon and myelin loss w/ fibrosis 
buring pain into toes
plantar pain like walking on a pebble
compression of webspace often elicits symptoms
mortons neuroma

what is this nerve sheath tumor, non tumor, a type of traumatic neuropathy?

Answer 17

localized interdigital neuritis (morton neuroma), non tumor

Question 18

sporadic
NF2 gene affected
autosomal dominant
head, neck and flexor surfaces of extremities
-solitary
-sensory CNs and spinal nerve roots
easy to dissect
admixture of dense and loose areas composed of schwann cells 

tinnitus, hearing loss
asymptomatic from mass effect
slow growing

surgical excision

what is this benign peripheral nerve disease?

Answer 18

schwannoma

Question 19

what is this benign peripheral nerve disease?

composed of a variable mixture of schwann, perineurial-like and fibroblastic cells

sporadic
neurofibromatosis 1

the three subtypes

• localized cutaneous neurofibromas
• plexiform neurofibromas
• diffuse neurofibromas

Answer 19

neurofibroma

Question 20

due to metastatic spread
schwann cell origin
neurofibroma
medium to large sized nerves
highly cellular features including anaplasia, necrosis, infiltrative growth, pleomorphism and high proliferative activity

what is this malignant peripheral nerve disease?

Answer 20

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Question 21

what are the traumatic neuropathies?

Answer 21

compression neuropathy
nerve sheath tumor
-non tumor
--traumatic neuroma
--localized interdigital neuritis (morton neuroma)

Question 22

what are the benign neuropathies?

malignant?

Answer 22

schwannoma
neurofibroma

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor