DISEASES Flashcards
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
2/3 preceded by acute viral illness
segmental demyelination
ascending paralysis
increased CSF protein
gullain barre syndrome
most common chronic acquired inflammatory peripheral neuropathy
symmetrical mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy
persists for 2 or more months
it evolves, relapses possible and clinical remissions achieved with immunosuppressive therapies
polyradiculopathies
mycobacterium leprae schwann cells involved segmental demyelination nodular granulomatous inflammation symmetric polyneuropathy
leprosy
peripheral nerve involvement resulting in diphtheria exotoxin
paresthesias and weakness
selective demyelination
diphtheria
latent infection of neurons in sensory ganglia of sinal cord and brain stem following chickenpox
virus travels along sensory nerves to skin
active infection of epidermal cells
affected:
neuronal destruction
axonal degeneration
varicella zoster virus
name this HMSN type
AD, genetically heterogenous
childhood, early adulthood
progressive muscular atrophy of calf
onion bulbs
HMSN I charcot marie tooth disease-hypertrophic form
name this HMSN type
nerve enlargement is not seen no onion bulb slightly later age onset segmental demyelination uncommon loss of myelinated axon
HMSN II charcot marie tooth disease neuronal form
name this HMSN type
early childhood delay in acquisation of motor skills distal weakness areflexia enlarged
size of individual peripheral nerve fascicles increased
onion bulb formation
segmental demyelination
axonal loss
HMSN III Dejarine-Sottas disease
distal symmetric sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy
distal sensory loss
hyperesthesia, paresthesia, dysthesia
numbness, tingling, sharpness, burning
neuropathic pain
-rest, worse at night
lower extremities
what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?
diabetic neuropathy
what are the types of autonomic neuropathy?
autonomic neuropathy
polyradiculopathy
mononeuropathy/mononeuropathy multiplex
what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?
renal failure
distal, symmetric neuropathy
axonal degeneration
uremic neuropathy
what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?
dry beriberi causes?
axonal neuropathies?
thiamine deficiency
B12, B6, E vitamin deficiencies
what are the malignancy associated neuropathies, also acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?
direct infiltration or compression
paraneoplastic syndrome
plasma cell dycrasias
peripheral neuropathies can occur following exposure to industrial or environmental chemicals, biologic toxins, or therapeutic drugs,
what is this acquired metabolic and toxic neuropathy?
toxic
most common entrapment neuropathy
compression of median nerve at level of wrist
numbness and paraesthesias of the thumb and 1st 2 digits
predisposing factors: pregnancy degenerative joint disease hypothyroidism amyloidosis excessive use of wrist
carpel tunnel syndrome
regeneration
regrowth may be complicated
disorganized proliferation of axons, schwann cells and perineural cells in a fibrocollagenous stroma
painful, treat with simple excision
what is this nerve sheath tumor, a non tumor?
traumatic neuroma
plantar digital nerve entrapment neuropathy axon and myelin loss w/ fibrosis buring pain into toes plantar pain like walking on a pebble compression of webspace often elicits symptoms mortons neuroma
what is this nerve sheath tumor, non tumor, a type of traumatic neuropathy?
localized interdigital neuritis (morton neuroma), non tumor
sporadic NF2 gene affected autosomal dominant head, neck and flexor surfaces of extremities -solitary -sensory CNs and spinal nerve roots easy to dissect admixture of dense and loose areas composed of schwann cells
tinnitus, hearing loss
asymptomatic from mass effect
slow growing
surgical excision
what is this benign peripheral nerve disease?
schwannoma
what is this benign peripheral nerve disease?
composed of a variable mixture of schwann, perineurial-like and fibroblastic cells
sporadic
neurofibromatosis 1
the three subtypes
- localized cutaneous neurofibromas
- plexiform neurofibromas
- diffuse neurofibromas
neurofibroma
due to metastatic spread schwann cell origin neurofibroma medium to large sized nerves highly cellular features including anaplasia, necrosis, infiltrative growth, pleomorphism and high proliferative activity
what is this malignant peripheral nerve disease?
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
what are the traumatic neuropathies?
compression neuropathy nerve sheath tumor -non tumor --traumatic neuroma --localized interdigital neuritis (morton neuroma)
what are the benign neuropathies?
malignant?
schwannoma
neurofibroma
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
