HIGH YIELD Flashcards
what are the different types of kidney disease?
nephritic syndrome
chronic kidney disease
acute kidney injury
renal tubular defects
what is the renal cortex comprised of?
glomerulus
- fenestra
- type IV collagen, forms scaffold for there glycoproteins to attach
- visceal epithelial cells
- mesangial cells
there are foot processes and filtration slits that contain transmembrane glycoprotein; crucial role in maintaining selective permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier
visceral epithelial cells
these cell types support the glomerular turft
- contractile
- phagocytic
mesangial cells
T/F, the more cationic, the less permeable?
F, more permeable
patient has this syndrome with these s/s? also, inflammatory or noninflammatory?
acute renal failure oliguria hematuria mild to moderate proteinura hypertension
nephritic syndrome
inflammatory
this type of kidney disease?
presence of diminished GFR that is persistently <60mL/min/1.73mm^3 for at least 3 months
persistent albuminuria which may present with a silent decline in renal excretory function
chronic kidney disease
chronic kidney disease is the same as chronic renal failure?
true
what are the 4 stages of chronic kidney disease?
diminished renal reserve
renal insufficiency
renal failure
end stage renal disease
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR less than 50% normal
serum BUN and Cr are normal
diminished renal reserve
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR is 20-50% of normal
azotemia present-increased nitrogen products in blood
anemia, polyuria, nocturia, HTN
renal insufficiency
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR is less than 20-50% of normal
edema, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia
overt uremia may be present
renal failure
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR <5% normal
terminal stage of uremia (azotemia + clinical symptoms)
end stage renal disease (terminal)
affect of renal failure on calcium, phosphate, and bone?
overall decrease in bone density due to absorption/secretion problems leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy
glomerular disease presents as?
main mechanisms?
hypercellularity
basement membrane thickening
hyalinosis
sclerosis
immune mechanisms (antibody related)
- injury by antibodies reacting in situ within the glomerulus
- injury resulting from deposition of soluble circulating antigen antibody complexes
in situ immune complex deposition due glomerular disease examples?
*pattern of immunofluorescence?
Anti-GBM nephritis (good pasture syndrome), linear patterns of immunofluorescence
Heymann nephritis (in situ immune complex nephritis)
linear*
circulating immune complex nephritis?
*pattern of immunofluorescence?
glomerulus is endogenous or exogenous and the antigen-antibody complexes become trapped in the glomerulus
granular*
glomerular disease can incite the mediators or immune injury, what are some examples?
*epithelial cell injury occurs, T/F?
activation of complement which incites inflammatory response*
membrane attack complex (C5b-C9)*
monocytes and macrophages
platelets
*T
general progression of glomerular disease?
histology characteristics?
once enough functioning nephrons are destroyed to reduce GFR to 30-50% of normal, than we see progression to ESRD
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
tubulointerstitial fibrosis
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, most common being between 2-6 years old
diffuse effacement of foot processes of visceral epithelial cells in glomeruli that appear virtually normal by light microscopy
lipoid nephrosis (minimal change disease)
