HIGH YIELD-BLADDER Flashcards
what are the types of illnesses broadly speaking that affect the bladder?
congenital anomalies
inflammatory disorders
metaplastic disorders
neoplasms
what are the congenital anomalies that affect the urinary bladder?
diverticulum
exstrophy
what are the inflammatory disorders that affect the urinary bladder?
acute cystitis
chronic cystitis
what are the metaplastic disorders that affect the urinary bladder?
glandular
squamous
pathogenesis
- chronic inflammation
- bladder exstrophy
- calculi
- schistosomal infection
what are neoplasms that affect the urinary bladder?
benign
- transitional cell papilloma
- inverted papilloma
malignant
- transitional cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma
- mesenchymal tumors
what are the different types of acute cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder)?
chronic cystitis?
infectious cystitis
hemorrhagic cystitis
radiation cystitis
interstitial cystitis
malakoplakia
what are the clinical symptoms of the inflammatory disorders of the urinary bladder?
urinary frequency
lower abdominal pain and/or suprapubic tenderness
pain or burning on urination (dysuria)
*same for acute and chronic cystitis
what is the clinical presentation of malignant neoplasms?
risk factors?
suggested risk factors?
painless hematuria***
frequency
urgency
dysuria
cigarette smoking
industrial exposure to arylamines
schistosoma haematobium
cyclophosphamide therapy
caffeine
synthetic dietary sweeteners
chronic alcohol consumption
most common bladder cancer, 90% of the time?
transitional cell carcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma can mimic?
benign papillomas
what are the two types of transitional cell carcinoma?
how does histology present itself?
grades?
papillary (common)
flat (uncommon)
insitu or non-invasive
-tumor cells do not penetrate BM
invasive
-tumor cells invade BM into bladder wall; risk for metastasis
low grades I/II
high grades III
carcinoma in situ (CIS)
name this transitional cell carcinoma grade?
histology-noninvasive papillary tumors
clinical significance-50% recur, progression to invasion uncommon
low grades (I/II)
name this transitional cell carcinoma grade?
histology-papillary, nodular or flat with invasion into bladder wall
clinical significance-80-90% recur with risk of metastasis
high grade (III)
name this transitional cell carcinoma grade?
histology-flat, noninvasive form of high grade TCC
clinical significance-will become invasive in 50% of tumors
carcinoma in situ (CIS)
pathogenesis involves schistosoma haematobium infection where the parasites lay eggs in muscular walls
squamous cell carcinoma
