HIGH YIELD

Question 1

renal fxn?

Answer 1

urine formation
excretion of waste products of protein metabolism
reg of fluid and electrolyte balance
reg of acid-base balance
hormone fxn

Question 2

what are the products of nitrogen waste clearance?

Answer 2

urea
ammonia
creatinine
uric acid

Question 3

what are the tests of renal function?

Answer 3

BUN
creatinine
creatinine clearance
urine protein

Question 4

what non renal factors is BUN influenced by?

Answer 4

dietary protein intake
anabolic/catabolic states
hydration status
pregnancy

Question 5

T/F, creatinine is influenced by a lot of non renal factors?

name some

Answer 5

F, fewer

lean body mass

Question 6

the creatinine standardization program estimates?

takes into account?

Answer 6

GFR

children
obese
bed-ridden
amputees

Question 7

this is a better measure of renal function than BUN or creatinine?

range?

Answer 7

creatinine clearance

125 mL/min

Question 8

why is urine protein not typically used?

abnormal amount like greater than 150 mg indicates?

Answer 8

24 hr turnaround

renal disease

Question 9

normal ratio of BUN to Cr is?

when the ratio is high what does this mean?

what does pregnancy do to this?

Answer 9

10:1 - 12:1

renal parenchymal damage or other abnormalities like excess urea production from GI bleeding or decreased urine flow

ratio decreases due to increased GFR

Question 10

what method can be used to more effectively dialyze urea?

Answer 10

hemodialysis, even more than creatinine

Question 11

this syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria and protein excretion is typically 3.5g/24 hrs?

Answer 11

nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

typical biomarkers of AKI?

Answer 12

kidney injury molecule (KIM-1)
interleukin-18
TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases)
insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7

Question 13

how is azotemia classified?

Answer 13

prerenal
renal
postrenal

Question 14

psychosis
anemia
peripheral neuropathy
CV

these are S/S of what AKI?

Answer 14

uremia

Question 15

examples of AKI?

Answer 15

azotemia

uremia

Question 16

pituitary insufficiency, renal insensitivity

deficiency in high serum osmolality, continued production of dilute urine with further increase in serum osmolality

this is an example of?

Answer 16

diabetes insipidus

Question 17

persistent release of ADH unrelated to serum osmolality

low serum osmolality with continued production of concentrated urine leading to further decrease in serum osmolality

Answer 17

SIADH (inappropriate secretion of ADH)

Question 18

common problem of renal calculi?

Answer 18

M>F
familial
underlying disease associated

Question 19

types of stones?

Answer 19

calcium
triple phosphate
uric acid
cystine

Question 20

kidneystones can occur at any level of the urinary tract, T/F?

Answer 20

T