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NBCD > Chapter 9: Vitamin B9 (Folate) > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Vitamin B9 (Folate) Flashcards

1
Q

other names:

folate
folacin
citrovorum factor
pteroylglutamic acid
lactobacillus casei factor
vitamin m
vitamin bc
factor u

A

folate (b9)

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2
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

bring _____ crystalline compound

A

yellow

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3
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

slightly soluble in _____

A

water

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4
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

easily oxidized by _____

A

acids

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5
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

sensitive to _____

A

light

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6
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

made up of 3 distinct parts

A

pteridine, para-amino benzoic acid, glutamic acid

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7
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

simplest form is _____ (PGA)

A

pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA)

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8
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

folic acid usually occurs as _____, having 2-7 glutamic acid residues

A

polyglutamate derivatives

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9
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

in the presence of ascorbic acid and niacin, PGA becomes (THF)

A

tetrahydrofolate

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10
Q

folate (b9) - chemistry

amethopterin, aminopterin, tetrahydrominophen, pytroylaspartic acid

A

antagonist of folate b9

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11
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. _____ residues must first be removed to absorb the polyglutamate form of folate in foods
A

glutamic acid

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12
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. hydrolysis of glutamic acid residues in the interstitial mucosal cells by _____ (or folate hydrogenase - a lysosomal enzyme)
A

conjugase

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13
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. reduction of the free folic acid to THF by the enzyme _____ and transported in the blood mainly as N-methyl THF for distribution to the different body cells
A

dihydrofolate reductase

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14
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. reduction of the free folic acid to THF by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and transported in the blood mainly as _____ for distribution to the different body cells
A

N-methyl THF

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15
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. stored as THFs are mainly in the polyglutamate form in the _____
A

liver

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16
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. stored as THFs are mainly in the _____ in the liver
A

polyglutamate form

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17
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. _____ are more active than the monoglutamtes as coenzymes due to their greater binding ability with the enzyme
A

polyglutamates

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18
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. for the folate coenzyme to function, the methyl group must be released from methyl-THF by an enzyme methionine synthetase that needs _____ for its activity
A

vitamin b12

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19
Q

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

folate is excreted in the _____ (2)

A

urine and bile

20
Q

folate (b9) - functions

folate functions as a coenzyme in the THF form in reactions, which transfer _____ (such as the methyl group CH3) from one compound to another

THF derivatives serves as donors of one-C units in the following biologic reactions

A

one-carbon units

21
Q

folate (b9) - functions

synthesis of amino acid (3)

A

methionine, histidine, and serine

22
Q

folate (b9) - functions

conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine

A

folate b9

23
Q

folate (b9) - functions

formation of the heme group of hemoglobin

A

folate b9

24
Q

folate (b9) - functions

synthesis of the purine and pyrimidine bases needed for the formation of _____ and _____

A

DNA and RNA

25
Q

folate (b9) - functions

formation of the vitamin-like compound choline from _____

A

ethanolamine

26
Q

folate (b9) - functions

conversion of niacin to _____, in the form in which it is excreted

A

n-methyl nicotinamide

27
Q

folate (b9) - functions

folate may play a role against these type of cancers

A

breast and pancreas

28
Q

folate (b9) - functions

folate may protect the _____ from the damage of homocyteine, which promotes blood clot

A

heart

29
Q

folate (b9) - interactions with other nutrients

_____ protects the folate coenzyme from oxidative destruction

there must be sufficient vitamin b12 for the activity of the methionine synthetase, the enzyme that reduces the methyl group from n-5-methyl-thf to form methionine from homocysteine

A

vitamin c

30
Q

folate (b9) - interactions with other nutrients

supplement of folate decreases _____ absorption

A

zinc

31
Q

folate (b9) - deficiency

diets that lack quantity and quality of _____ and _____ are at risk for inadequate folate intake

A

green leafy vegetables and legumes

32
Q

folate (b9) - deficiency

folate requirements are increased/decreased during pregnancy esp. in the first couple of weeks of gestation

A

increased

33
Q

folate (b9) - deficiency

folate deficiency is highly associated with the risk of _____ (malformation of the brain and spinal cord that result in disability or death ex. spina bifida or anencephaly)

A

neural tube defects in growing fetus

34
Q

a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth

A

spina bifida

35
Q

a fatal condition where a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull

A

anencephaly

36
Q

folate (b9) - deficiency

a _____ will provoke folate deficiency because it means vitamin b12 is not available to donate its methyl group to convert folate into its active form

A

vitamin b12

37
Q

folate (b9) - deficiency

other deficiencies:
-megaloblastic anemia or macrocytic anemia
-glossitis
-gastrointestinal upsets
-impairment of histidine metabolism

A

folate deficiency

38
Q

megaloblastic anemia is also known as

A

macrocytic anemia

39
Q

folate (b9) - toxicity

high doses of folate has adverse effects

greatest risk of overdosing with folate arises from its close relationship with _____

A

vitamin b12

40
Q

folate (b9) - recommended intake

for children (6-12 y/o) males and females

A

300 ugDFE

41
Q

folate (b9) - recommended intake

for 13 - >70 y/o males and females

A

400 ugDFE

42
Q

dfe meaning

A

dietary folate equivalent

43
Q

folate (b9) - recommended intake

for pregnancy

A

400 ugDFE +200

44
Q

folate (b9) - recommended intake

for lactating

A

400 ugDFE +150

45
Q

folate (b9) - food sources

dark green leafy vegetables (alugbati, gabi malunggay, saluyot, sitao, talinum), wheat germ, legumes, seeds, oranges, strawberries, and organ meats (liver)

A

b9 sources

NBCD (89 decks)

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