Chapter 9: Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Question 1

other names:

folate
folacin
citrovorum factor
pteroylglutamic acid
lactobacillus casei factor
vitamin m
vitamin bc
factor u

Answer 1

folate (b9)

Question 2

folate (b9) - chemistry

bring _____ crystalline compound

Answer 2

yellow

Question 3

folate (b9) - chemistry

slightly soluble in _____

Answer 3

water

Question 4

folate (b9) - chemistry

easily oxidized by _____

Answer 4

acids

Question 5

folate (b9) - chemistry

sensitive to _____

Answer 5

light

Question 6

folate (b9) - chemistry

made up of 3 distinct parts

Answer 6

pteridine, para-amino benzoic acid, glutamic acid

Question 7

folate (b9) - chemistry

simplest form is _____ (PGA)

Answer 7

pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA)

Question 8

folate (b9) - chemistry

folic acid usually occurs as _____, having 2-7 glutamic acid residues

Answer 8

polyglutamate derivatives

Question 9

folate (b9) - chemistry

in the presence of ascorbic acid and niacin, PGA becomes (THF)

Answer 9

tetrahydrofolate

Question 10

folate (b9) - chemistry

amethopterin, aminopterin, tetrahydrominophen, pytroylaspartic acid

Answer 10

antagonist of folate b9

Question 11

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

1. _____ residues must first be removed to absorb the polyglutamate form of folate in foods

Answer 11

glutamic acid

Question 12

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

2. hydrolysis of glutamic acid residues in the interstitial mucosal cells by _____ (or folate hydrogenase - a lysosomal enzyme)

Answer 12

conjugase

Question 13

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

3. reduction of the free folic acid to THF by the enzyme _____ and transported in the blood mainly as N-methyl THF for distribution to the different body cells

Answer 13

dihydrofolate reductase

Question 14

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

3. reduction of the free folic acid to THF by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and transported in the blood mainly as _____ for distribution to the different body cells

Answer 14

N-methyl THF

Question 15

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

4. stored as THFs are mainly in the polyglutamate form in the _____

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

4. stored as THFs are mainly in the _____ in the liver

Answer 16

polyglutamate form

Question 17

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

5. _____ are more active than the monoglutamtes as coenzymes due to their greater binding ability with the enzyme

Answer 17

polyglutamates

Question 18

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

6. for the folate coenzyme to function, the methyl group must be released from methyl-THF by an enzyme methionine synthetase that needs _____ for its activity

Answer 18

vitamin b12

Question 19

folate (b9) - absorption, transport, and utilization

folate is excreted in the _____ (2)

Answer 19

urine and bile

Question 20

folate (b9) - functions

folate functions as a coenzyme in the THF form in reactions, which transfer _____ (such as the methyl group CH3) from one compound to another

THF derivatives serves as donors of one-C units in the following biologic reactions

Answer 20

one-carbon units

Question 21

folate (b9) - functions

synthesis of amino acid (3)

Answer 21

methionine, histidine, and serine

Question 22

folate (b9) - functions

conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine

Answer 22

folate b9

Question 23

folate (b9) - functions

formation of the heme group of hemoglobin

Answer 23

folate b9

Question 24

folate (b9) - functions

synthesis of the purine and pyrimidine bases needed for the formation of _____ and _____

Answer 24

DNA and RNA

Question 25

folate (b9) - functions formation of the vitamin-like compound choline from _____

Answer 25

ethanolamine

Question 26

folate (b9) - functions conversion of niacin to _____, in the form in which it is excreted

Answer 26

n-methyl nicotinamide

Question 27

folate (b9) - functions folate may play a role against these type of cancers

Answer 27

breast and pancreas

Question 28

folate (b9) - functions folate may protect the _____ from the damage of homocyteine, which promotes blood clot

Answer 28

heart

Question 29

folate (b9) - interactions with other nutrients _____ protects the folate coenzyme from oxidative destruction there must be sufficient vitamin b12 for the activity of the methionine synthetase, the enzyme that reduces the methyl group from n-5-methyl-thf to form methionine from homocysteine

Answer 29

vitamin c

Question 30

folate (b9) - interactions with other nutrients supplement of folate decreases _____ absorption

Answer 30

zinc

Question 31

folate (b9) - deficiency diets that lack quantity and quality of _____ and _____ are at risk for inadequate folate intake

Answer 31

green leafy vegetables and legumes

Question 32

folate (b9) - deficiency folate requirements are increased/decreased during pregnancy esp. in the first couple of weeks of gestation

Answer 32

increased

Question 33

folate (b9) - deficiency folate deficiency is highly associated with the risk of _____ (malformation of the brain and spinal cord that result in disability or death ex. spina bifida or anencephaly)

Answer 33

neural tube defects in growing fetus

Question 34

a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth

Answer 34

spina bifida

Question 35

a fatal condition where a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull

Answer 35

anencephaly

Question 36

folate (b9) - deficiency a _____ will provoke folate deficiency because it means vitamin b12 is not available to donate its methyl group to convert folate into its active form

Answer 36

vitamin b12

Question 37

folate (b9) - deficiency other deficiencies: -megaloblastic anemia or macrocytic anemia -glossitis -gastrointestinal upsets -impairment of histidine metabolism

Answer 37

folate deficiency

Question 38

megaloblastic anemia is also known as

Answer 38

macrocytic anemia

Question 39

folate (b9) - toxicity high doses of folate has adverse effects greatest risk of overdosing with folate arises from its close relationship with _____

Answer 39

vitamin b12

Question 40

folate (b9) - recommended intake for children (6-12 y/o) males and females

Answer 40

300 ugDFE

Question 41

folate (b9) - recommended intake for 13 - >70 y/o males and females

Answer 41

400 ugDFE

Question 42

dfe meaning

Answer 42

dietary folate equivalent

Question 43

folate (b9) - recommended intake for pregnancy

Answer 43

400 ugDFE +200

Question 44

folate (b9) - recommended intake for lactating

Answer 44

400 ugDFE +150

Question 45

folate (b9) - food sources dark green leafy vegetables (alugbati, gabi malunggay, saluyot, sitao, talinum), wheat germ, legumes, seeds, oranges, strawberries, and organ meats (liver)

Answer 45

b9 sources