Chapter 10: Micromineral (Iron)

Question 1

an adult male contains _____ mg of iron per kg body wt

Answer 1

40-50 mg

Question 2

adult female contains _____ mg of iron per kg body wt

Answer 2

30-50 mg

Question 3

more than 2/3 of the body iron is in the form of functional iron (perform specific role), which is bound within the _____ (Hb) molecule or within the _____ in the muscle tissues

Answer 3

hemoglobin and myoglobin

Question 4

_____ (storage form) is found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Answer 4

non-functional iron

Question 5

non-functional iron (storage form) is found in the (3)

Answer 5

liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Question 6

iron - functions

plays a key role in _____ and _____

Answer 6

oxygen transport and cellular respiration

Question 7

iron - functions

as part of the Hb and myoglobin, iron bind to oxygen and transports o2 through the _____ (in Hb) or stores o2 within the _____

Answer 7

blood, muscles

Question 8

iron - functions

as part of Hb, it is involved in the formation of _____ (RBCs)

Answer 8

red blood cells

Question 9

iron - functions

a co-factor of non-heme enzymes and other chon

Answer 9

-

Question 10

iron - absorption and metabolism

available to the body either in the _____ form (present only in animal products) or _____ form (iron in plants)

Answer 10

heme form

non-heme form

Question 11

heme form is available in

Answer 11

animal products

Question 12

non-heme form is available in

Answer 12

iron in plants

Question 13

iron - absorption and metabolism

absorption occurs primarily in the _____ (2)

Answer 13

duodenum and jejunum

Question 14

iron - absorption and metabolism

variety of factors influence iron absorption:
the higher the intake of iron, the lower the percentage of iron absorbed

Answer 14

size of dose

Question 15

iron - absorption and metabolism

variety of factors influence iron absorption:
those deficient in iron absorb more of the mineral

Answer 15

body needs

Question 16

iron - absorption and metabolism

variety of factors influence iron absorption:
ferrous form (Fe 2+) is better than ferric form (Fe 3+)

Answer 16

forms of iron

Question 17

which iron is better?

in ferrous form (Fe 2+) or in ferric form (Fe 3+)

Answer 17

ferrous form (Fe 2+)

Question 18

iron - factors enhancing the absorption of non-heme iron

increased acidity
animal tissue chon

Answer 18

-

Question 19

factors inhibiting the absorption of non-heme iron:

-low gastric acidity
-high dietary calcium and phosphorous intakes
-high manganese intake
-dietary fiber
-certain chons
-phytates and oxalates
-polyphenols

Answer 19

-

Question 20

iron - absorption and metabolism

after absorption, iron is carried to the blood bound to the _____

Answer 20

protein transferrin

Question 21

iron - absorption and metabolism

iron is absorbed in the _____ in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin

Answer 21

liver

Question 22

iron - absorption and metabolism

iron is absorbed in the liver in the form of _____

Answer 22

ferritin and hemosiderin

Question 23

iron - absorption and metabolism

90% of iron is released in the breakdown of cells

Answer 23

-

Question 24

iron - interrelationship with other nutrients

enhances iron absorption by acting as a reducing agent and forms a chelate with non-heme ferric iron at a lower pH

the chelate remains soluble in the small intestine, thus improving intestinal absorption of non-heme iron

Answer 24

vitamin c

Question 25

iron - interrelationship with other nutrients

vitamin c enhances iron absorption by acting as a reducing agent and forms a _____ with non-heme ferric iron at a lower pH

the chelate remains soluble in the small intestine, thus improving intestinal absorption of non-heme iron

Answer 25

chelate

Question 26

the chelate remains _____ in the small intestine, thus _____ intestinal absorption of non-heme iron

Answer 26

soluble; improving

Question 27

iron - deficiency

results in low Hb stores, fatigue, weakness, pallor, poor resistance to cold temperature, and apathy

Answer 27

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 28

iron - toxicity

a condition with large deposits of iron deposit, hemosiderin in the liver

Answer 28

hemosiderosis/siderosis

Question 29

iron - toxicity

a genetic disorder that enhances iron absorption

Answer 29

hemochromatosis

Question 30

iron - recommended intake

this would cover the _____ losses plus growth in children and _____ losses for women of reproductive age

Answer 30

basal losses; menstrual losses

Question 31

iron - recommended intake

for infants: iron provided by breastmilk is adequate to meet the iron needs of infants exclusively fed human milk from birth to 6 months of age

Answer 31

-

Question 32

iron - recommended intake

the consumption of _____ and _____ foods is recommended for women from adolescence onwards

Answer 32

iron-rich and iron-fortified foods

Question 33

iron - recommended intake

_____ recommended to meet the needs of pregnant and lactating women

Answer 33

iron supplementation

Question 34

iron - recommended intake

the estimated requirement during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and the 1st 6 months of lactation are _____ than the requirement for menstruating non-pregnant and non-lactating to allow for build-up of iron stores during these periods

Answer 34

lower

Question 35

iron - recommended intake

for adults (19 - >70 y/o) male

Answer 35

12 mg

Question 36

iron - recommended intake

for adults (19-49 y/o) female

Answer 36

28 mg with supplements and intake of iron-rich and iron-fortified foods

Question 37

iron - recommended intake

for adults (50 - >70 y/o) female

Answer 37

10 mg

Question 38

iron - recommended intake

for pregnant

Answer 38

(+10)

with supplements and intake of iron-rich and iron-fortified foods

Question 39

iron - recommended intake

for lactating

Answer 39

+2