Chapter 9: Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Question 1

other names

pyridoxic acid
pyridoxal
pyrioxol
pyridoxamine

Answer 1

pyridoxine

Question 2

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

forms found in foods are (3)

Answer 2

pyridoxine, pyrixodal, pyridoxamine

Question 3

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

all forms can be converted to the coenzyme _____ (PLP) that transfers amino groups from amino acid to make nonessential amino acids, an action that is valuable in protein

Answer 3

pyridoxal phosphate

Question 4

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

the body degrade it to _____ that is excreted in the urine

Answer 4

pyridoxic acid

Question 5

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

in body tissues, it occurs primarily in the phosphorylated forms of _____ (2)

Answer 5

PLP and pyridoxamine phosphate

Question 6

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

not destroyed by _____ (2)

Answer 6

heat and acids

Question 7

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

destroyed in _____ by oxidation and ultraviolet light

Answer 7

alkaline solutions

Question 8

pyridoxine b6 - chemistry

deoxypyrodoxine, methoxpyrodoxine, toxopyromidine, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) are what

Answer 8

antagonists

Question 9

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

absorbed mainly in the _____ in its free form by passive diffusion

Answer 9

jejunum

Question 10

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

dephosphorylated in the intestinal lumen by the enzyme _____

Answer 10

aklaline phosphatase

Question 11

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

bound to albumin and transported to the _____, where pyridoxine and pyridoxamine are phosphorylated by kinase and converted to PLP by flavin-dependent oxidase

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

_____ in the liver and kidneys can convert pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid

occurs when too much of the vitamin is absorbed

Answer 12

aldehyde oxidase

Question 13

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

stores _____ of vitamin b6

Answer 13

250 mg

Question 14

pyridoxine b6 - absorption, transport, and utilization

in muscles 80-90% of PLP is bound to the energy glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 14

-

Question 15

pyridoxine b6 - functions

in the form of PLP, the vitamin functions as a _____ of more than 60 enzymes in the following biochemical reactions

Answer 15

coenzyme

Question 16

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

_____ where an amino group (NH2) is transferred from one compound to another

Answer 16

transamination

Question 17

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

_____ reactions where a carboxyl group (COOH) and (COO-) is moved from a compound

Answer 17

decarboxylation

Question 18

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

desulferative deamination of _____

Answer 18

cysteine

Question 19

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

dehyrative deamination of _____ (2)

Answer 19

serine and threonine

Question 20

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

may be beneficial against _____; a pinch nerve in the wrist that causes pain or numbness in the hand

Answer 20

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 21

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

may alleviate pre-menstrual syndrome

Answer 21

-

Question 22

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

formation and degradation of ____

Answer 22

cytstathionine

Question 23

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

synthesis of neurotransmitters _____ and _____

Answer 23

serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 24

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism

synthesis of _____ needed for myelin formation

Answer 24

sphingolipids

Question 25

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism synthesis of delta-amino levulinic acid a precursor of _____

Answer 25

heme

Question 26

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism part of glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 26

-

Question 27

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism transformation of tryptophan to _____

Answer 27

niacin

Question 28

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism biosynthesis of coa in the

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism production of ethanomaline and taurine

Answer 29

-

Question 30

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism a coenzyme in lysine oxidase that is active in the biosynthesis of _____ (2)

Answer 30

elastin and collagen

Question 31

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism metabolism of _____ fatty acids

Answer 31

unsaturated

Question 32

pyridoxine b6 - amino acid metabolism has an important role in _____

Answer 32

glucocorticoid action

Question 33

pyridoxine b6 - interactions with other nutrients closely related with (2) the 2 vitamins are needed for the activity of enzymes important for the normal metabolism of some forms of b6

Answer 33

riboflavin and niacin

Question 34

pyridoxine b6 - deficiency (microcytic type) smooth tongue; cracked corners of the mouth, abnormal brain wave pattern, irritability, muscle twitching, convulsions, irritation of sweat glands, dermatitis, and kidney stones

Answer 34

anemia

Question 35

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake for adults (19-49 y/o) male and female

Answer 35

1.3

Question 36

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake for adults (50 - >70y/o) male

Answer 36

1.7 mg

Question 37

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake for adults (50 - >70y/o) female

Answer 37

1.6 mg

Question 38

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake for pregnant

Answer 38

0.6 mg

Question 39

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake for lactating

Answer 39

0.7

Question 40

pyridoxine b6 - recommended intake drugs that increases the body's need for vitamin b6 are oral contraceptives, INH, and penicillamine

Answer 40

b6

Question 41

pyridoxine b6 - food sources vegetable oils (corn, cotton, seed, olive, peanut); rice and wheat germ; whole grain cereals, legumes, nuts, and seeds esp. soybeans, banana, potatoes, liver, salmon/tuna,

Answer 41

iron