Chapter 18: Nutrition and Stress Response

Question 1

in an unaltered state of health, the human body maintains a level of constancy of its internal conditions to sustain the normal physiologic activities in the body

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

control systems operate in 2 type of mechanism

Answer 2

negative feedback and positive feedback

Question 3

initiates a counter-regulatory response to a stimulus

Answer 3

negative feedback mechanism

Question 4

produces a cycle of similar response to a stimuli

Answer 4

positive feedback mechanism

Question 5

stress response

pertains to the effects of any changes in the internal environment that pose threat to homeostatis

Answer 5

stress

Question 6

stress response - stress types

disruption of the internal balance which is necessary to sustain life

ex: exercise, pregnancy

Answer 6

physiologic stress

Question 7

stress response - stress types

disruption in the internal balance that lies beyond healthy and normal functioning

ex: infection, trauma

Answer 7

pathologic stress

Question 8

types of stress (2)

Answer 8

physiologic stress
pathologic stress

Question 9

stress response

any event or environmental agent, such as infection, fractures, surgery, or burns

Answer 9

stressor

Question 10

any event or environmental agent, such as infection, fractures, surgery, or burns that poses threat to an organism and elicits a physiologic reaction

Answer 10

stress response

Question 11

during stress, energy sources are mobilized and released in the blood at a faster rate causing a significant increase in the metabolic rate which leads to

Answer 11

hypermetabolism

Question 12

stressor

also known as neuroendocrine response

Answer 12

hormonal response

Question 13

stressor

this response during metabolic stress causes an increased mobilization of energy substrate but poor utilization of cho, chon, fat, and oxygen due to an altered hormonal state

Answer 13

hormonal response/neuroendocrine response

Question 14

stressor

the most notable nutritional impact of hormonal response is _____ which results from the “increased glucose production and uptake secondary to gluconeogenesis and elevated levels of stress hormones”

Answer 14

hyperglycemia

Question 15

stress response - phases

state of a relatively constant internal condition

Answer 15

homeostasis

Question 16

stress response - phases

onset of stressors/injury into the body

Answer 16

stress

Question 17

stress response - phases

occur immediately after injury and associated with hypovolemia, shock, and hypoxia

Answer 17

EBB phase

Question 18

stress response - phases

characterized by increased metabolic rate followed by fluid resuscitation and restoration of oxygen flow

Answer 18

flow phase

Question 19

stress response - phases (flow phase)

characterized by a hypermetabolic state (accelerated catabolism) resulting from the initiation of hormonal and immune response to stress after the onset of injury or infection

Answer 19

acute phase

Question 20

stress response - phases (flow phase)

associated with recovery which is predominated by anabolism as the hormonal response gradually diminish and wound healing initiate

Answer 20

adaptive phase

Question 21

stress response - phases

successful adaptation that leads to the regulation of normal internal balance

Answer 21

recovery/convalescence

Question 22

stress response - phases

failure of adaptation to recover the body from stress that may lead to death

Answer 22

exhaustion

Question 23

metabolic response during critical illness such as sepsis, trauma, burn, and surgery

Answer 23

ebb phase and flow phase

Question 24

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to support the increased energy requirement brought by the hypermetabolic state

Answer 24

high calorie

Question 25

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to promote positive nitrogen balance

Answer 25

high protein

Question 26

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to meet the increased energy and nutrient requirement when oral intake is inadequate

Answer 26

nutrtion support (enteral, parenteral)

Question 27

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to replenish losses and prevent dehydration

Answer 27

fluid and electrolyte replenishment

Question 28

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to regulate inflammatory response

Answer 28

omega-3 fatty acids

Question 29

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to replenish losses

Answer 29

vitamin a, zn, se, cu, vit c supplementation

Question 30

stress - diet mgmt

case: stress response

diet: ?

rationale: to promote wound healing, good blood flow, and reduce blood clots

Answer 30

glutamine and arginine