Chapter 18: Nutrition and Stress Response Flashcards
in an unaltered state of health, the human body maintains a level of constancy of its internal conditions to sustain the normal physiologic activities in the body
homeostasis
control systems operate in 2 type of mechanism
negative feedback and positive feedback
initiates a counter-regulatory response to a stimulus
negative feedback mechanism
produces a cycle of similar response to a stimuli
positive feedback mechanism
stress response
pertains to the effects of any changes in the internal environment that pose threat to homeostatis
stress
stress response - stress types
disruption of the internal balance which is necessary to sustain life
ex: exercise, pregnancy
physiologic stress
stress response - stress types
disruption in the internal balance that lies beyond healthy and normal functioning
ex: infection, trauma
pathologic stress
types of stress (2)
physiologic stress
pathologic stress
stress response
any event or environmental agent, such as infection, fractures, surgery, or burns
stressor
any event or environmental agent, such as infection, fractures, surgery, or burns that poses threat to an organism and elicits a physiologic reaction
stress response
during stress, energy sources are mobilized and released in the blood at a faster rate causing a significant increase in the metabolic rate which leads to
hypermetabolism
stressor
also known as neuroendocrine response
hormonal response
stressor
this response during metabolic stress causes an increased mobilization of energy substrate but poor utilization of cho, chon, fat, and oxygen due to an altered hormonal state
hormonal response/neuroendocrine response
stressor
the most notable nutritional impact of hormonal response is _____ which results from the “increased glucose production and uptake secondary to gluconeogenesis and elevated levels of stress hormones”
hyperglycemia
stress response - phases
state of a relatively constant internal condition
homeostasis
stress response - phases
onset of stressors/injury into the body
stress
stress response - phases
occur immediately after injury and associated with hypovolemia, shock, and hypoxia
EBB phase
stress response - phases
characterized by increased metabolic rate followed by fluid resuscitation and restoration of oxygen flow
flow phase
stress response - phases (flow phase)
characterized by a hypermetabolic state (accelerated catabolism) resulting from the initiation of hormonal and immune response to stress after the onset of injury or infection
acute phase
stress response - phases (flow phase)
associated with recovery which is predominated by anabolism as the hormonal response gradually diminish and wound healing initiate
adaptive phase
stress response - phases
successful adaptation that leads to the regulation of normal internal balance
recovery/convalescence
stress response - phases
failure of adaptation to recover the body from stress that may lead to death
exhaustion
metabolic response during critical illness such as sepsis, trauma, burn, and surgery
ebb phase and flow phase
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to support the increased energy requirement brought by the hypermetabolic state
high calorie
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to promote positive nitrogen balance
high protein
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to meet the increased energy and nutrient requirement when oral intake is inadequate
nutrtion support (enteral, parenteral)
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to replenish losses and prevent dehydration
fluid and electrolyte replenishment
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to regulate inflammatory response
omega-3 fatty acids
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to replenish losses
vitamin a, zn, se, cu, vit c supplementation
stress - diet mgmt
case: stress response
diet: ?
rationale: to promote wound healing, good blood flow, and reduce blood clots
glutamine and arginine
