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NBCD > Chapter 9: Fat-soluble Vitamins (Vitamin D) > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Fat-soluble Vitamins (Vitamin D) Flashcards

1
Q

other names:
-antirachitic factor
-cholecalciferol (vitamin d3)
-ergocalciferol (vitamin d2)
-calcitriol calcidiol

A

vitamin d

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2
Q

vitamin d2

A

ergocalciferol

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3
Q

vitamin d3

A

cholecalciferol

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4
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

exists in 2 forms in foods

A

vitamin d3: cholecalciferol
vitamin d2: ergocalciferol

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5
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

source of vitamin d3 (cholecalciferol)

A

animal products

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6
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

source of vitamin d2 (ergocalciferol)

A

vitamin d-fortified foods

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7
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

generic name of vitamin d3 and vitamin d2 is

A

calciferol

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8
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

can be considered as a _____ and _____ (can be synthesized in the body)

A

vitamin and hormone

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9
Q

vitamin d - chemistry

vitamin d3 is produced in the skin by ultraviolet irradiation (sunlight) to _____, a metabolite of cholesterol

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

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10
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. dietary vitamin d is absorbed in the _____
A

small intestine

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11
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

dietary vitamin d is absorbed in 1. the small intestine with the aid of _____ and incorporated within chylomicrons

A

bile

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12
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. cholecalciferol from the skin mixes with the blood and is transported by _____, and goes to the liver
A

vitamin d-binding protein

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13
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. cholecalciferol from the skin mixes with the blood and is transported by vitamin d-binding protein, and goes to the _____
A

liver

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14
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. cholecalciferol, reaching the liver from any of the 2 sources, is hydroxylated to _____ aka 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
A

25-hydroxyvitamin D

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15
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

  1. _____ start to form active vitamin D when the parathyroid hormone blood level rises as a result of the decrease in blood calcium or phosphorous level
A

kidney

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16
Q

vitamin d activation site

A

liver

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17
Q

vitamin d storage site

A

adipose tissue

18
Q

rich with vitamin D receptors and play a major role in turning vitamin D into its active form

A

kidney

19
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

conversion of vitamin is activated by

A

parathyroid hormone blood level

20
Q

vitamin d - absorption, transport, and utilization

calcium and phosphorous absorption in the _____; 1, 25 (OH) D3 stimulating the mobilization of Ca and P form the bone and bringing about renal reabsorption of Ca are the effects of the activation of vitamin d

A

intestine

21
Q

vitamin d - relationship with other nutrients

vitamin d metabolism is interrelated with _____, _____ and _____, and _____

A

calcium; phosphorous and parathyroid hormone; calcitonin

22
Q

vitamin d - relationship with other nutrients

one of the main roles if vitamin d is to facilitate _____

A

calcium and phosphorous absoprtion

23
Q

vitamin d - relationship with other nutrients

low vitamin d levels result in a decreased formation of the active vitamin leading to _____

A

bone calcium resorption

24
Q

active form of vitamin d

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

25
Q

active form of vitamin d is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin aka

A

calcitrol

26
Q

vitamin d - relationship with other nutrients

_____ deactivates the production of active vitamin d

A

high phosphorous

27
Q

vitamin d - relationship with other nutrients

_____ needed in the formation of calcium-binding proteins present in the target tissues activated by vitamin d

A

vitamin k

28
Q

vitamin d - functions

regulates _____ and _____ homeostasis involved in bone formation and maintenance

A

calcium and phosphorous

29
Q

vitamin d - functions

promotes normal bone mineralization by making calcium and phosphorous available in the blood that is deposited as the _____ harden

A

bones

30
Q

vitamin d - functions

regulating specific genes by affecting _____ transcription rate

A

chromosomal

31
Q

vitamin d - functions

some of the target tissues include ______ 9^), beneficial in treating cancer

A

brain
pancreas
skin
muscles and cartilage
reproductive organs

32
Q

vitamin d - deficiency

among children

characterized by soft and fragile bones, enlarged joints, bowed legs, and deformities of the chest, spine, and pelvis

A

rickets

33
Q

vitamin d - deficiency

among adults

happens when there is not enough calcium in the body and is characterized by softening of the bones

A

osteomalacia

34
Q

vitamin d - deficiency

among adults

refers to the loss of calcium from the bones causing reduced bone density

A

osteoporosis

35
Q

vitamin d - deficiency

-alcoholic
-insufficient sun exposure
-with intestinal disorders (tropical sprue, crohn’s disease, diverticulosis, gastric resection)
-liver and renal disease
-parathyroid disorder
-those taking anticonvulsant drugs
-sedative
-tranquilizers
-preschoolers
-elderly

A

population at risk for developing vitamin d deficiency

36
Q

vitamin d - toxicity

calcification of the kidneys and lungs, nausea, weight loss, and polyuria

A

hypervitaminosis a

37
Q

vitamin d - recommended intake

for infants to adults (0 - 49 y/o) male and female

A

5 ug

38
Q

vitamin d - recommended intake

for adults (50-59 y/o) male and female

A

10 ug

39
Q

vitamin d - recommended intake

for adults (60- >70 y/o)

A

15 ug

40
Q

vitamin d - recommended intake

daily intake of _____ is adequate to protect against rickets and promote normal bone growth, provided that the diet is also sufficient in Ca and P

A

100 IU

41
Q

vitamin d

fish liver oils, butter, clams, oysters, eggs, sardines, and vitamin d-fortified foods (milk and margarine)

A

common sources of vitamin d

NBCD (55 decks)

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