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NBCD > Chapter 22: MNT in GI Disorders (1) > Flashcards

Chapter 22: MNT in GI Disorders (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

esophagitis - etiology

ingesting an irritating agent, by intubation, or by an infection

A

acute esophagitis

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2
Q

esophagus - disease

chronic, or reflux esophagitis, recurrent

can be caused by a hiatal hernia, reduced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, abdominal pressure, recurrent vomiting, alcohol use, overweight, or smoking

A

gastroesophageal reflux

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3
Q

esophagus - medical mgmt

antacids, cholinergic drugs to increase lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure

A

esophagitis

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4
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: prevent gastric reflux

A

low fat

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5
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: prevent herniation and reflux decreases abdominal pressure

A

low calories for obese

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6
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: increase LES pressure

A

high chon

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7
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to prevent high secretion of acid and decreases of LES pressure

A

no alcohol, spices

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8
Q

esophagus - diseases

refers to the difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

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9
Q

diet mgmt

liquid diets, small frequent feeding to facilitate swallowing

A

dysphagia

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10
Q

esophagus - diseases

failure of the LES to relax and open during swallowing

A

achalasia

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11
Q

diet mgmt

liquid diets, small frequent feeding to facilitate swallowing

A

ahalasia

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12
Q

esophagus - diseases

the stricture of the esophagus caused by fibrotic tissues, increased pressure of herniation from adjacent organs, and abdominal growth of tissues

A

esophageal obstruction

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13
Q

mgmt

medical surgery, radiation, or dilatation

A

esophageal obstuction

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14
Q

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to facilitate swallowing

A

liquid diets

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15
Q

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to provide nutrition when oral nutrition is inadequate or impossible

A

tube feeding when necessary

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16
Q

stomach - diseases

organic diseases of the stomach is characterized by the presence of a structural change in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as _____ and _____

A

petic ulcer and gastritis

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17
Q

stomach - diseases

functional diseases of the stomach are characterized by alteration in the function of the GIT without any structural damage of the GIT

A

-

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18
Q

stomach - diseases

an eroded lesion in the gastric mucosa or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer

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19
Q

stomach - diseases

symptoms:

burning sensation in the epigastric region, sometimes accompanied by weight loss, vomiting of blood

A

peptic ulcer

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20
Q

peptic ulcer etiology

stimulants of gastric acid secretion (stress, nicotine, alcohol, and spices), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gender (more common in males)

A

helicobacter pylori

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21
Q

stomach - diseases medical mgmt

antacids: counteract or neutralize acidity, magnesium-/aluminum-containing compounds

ex: maalox, mylanta

A

peptic ulcers

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22
Q

stomach - diseases

antibiotics: used to control h. pylori infestation, may be used in combination

A

peptic ulcers

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23
Q

stomach - diseases

histamine h2-receptor antagonists: histamine normally attaches to specific cellular receptors on acid-producing parietal cells and influence gastric acid secretion

-these drugs block acid production and release
ex: cimetidine (tagamet), ranitidine (zantac)

A

peptic ulcer

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24
Q

stomach - diseases

proton pump inhibitors: suppress hcl production by preventing the action of an enzyme that secretes hydrogen ions needed for hcl production

A

peptic ulcer

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25
stomach - diseases refers to the removal of the stomach
gastrectomy
26
stomach - diseases diet: balance diet to provide optimal nutrition blanc to prevent irritation milk has been proven to cause rebound acidity
peptic ulcer
27
stomach - diseases the inflammation of the gastric mucosa; characterized by vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea. and abdominal distention
gastritis
28
stomach - diseases etiology: gastric stimulants like stress, nicotine, spices, and alcohol, poor dietary habits, drugs
gastritis
29
stomach - diseases gastritis - diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to rest the organ
npo during acute attacks
30
stomach - diseases gastritis - diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to replace fluid losses
IVF
31
stomach - diseases gastritis - diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to provide optimal nutrition
balanced diet
32
stomach - diseases gastritis - diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation, correct faulty habits
bland, when necessary
33
gastric secretory disturbances - types low secretion of gastric juices
hypochlorhydria
34
gastric secretory disturbances - types no free hcl
achlorhydria
35
gastric secretory disturbances - types no free or combined hcl
achylia gastrica
36
gastric secretory disturbances diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: prevent fermentation
complex CHO
37
gastric secretory disturbances diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: inhibits gastric secretion
low fat
38
gastric secretory disturbances diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: proteins are not digested properly
low chon
39
stomach - diseases high secretion of gastric juices
hyperchlorhydria
40
stomach - diseases dietary mgmt: high fat to prevent gastric secretion
hyperchlorhydria
41
stomach - diseases pertains to the overflow of gastric juices
gastrosucchorrhea
42
stomach - diseases diet mgmt: high gat to prevent gastric secretion
gastrosucchorrhea
43
stomach - diseases use of antacids may cause: -phosphorous deficiency -constipation or diarrhea -mg toxicity -altered electrolyte levels -nausea -vomiting -cramps -headache -flushes -appetite increase -drowsiness -decreased iron absorption
gastrosucchorrhea
44
stomach - diseases the protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm the hernia prevents the food from moving normally along the digestive tract
hiatal hernia
45
prevents the food from moving normally along the digestive tract
hernia
46
stomach - diseases sign: gastric reflux
hiatal hernia
47
stomach - diseases diet mgmt: prevent gastric reflux and increase LES pressure restriction of stimulants low kcal, if obese low fat low chon
hiatal hernia
48
motility diseases lack of gastric tone, delayed emptying time caused by other diseases and emotional disturbance
gastric atony
49
motility diseases stenosis of the pylorus, which prevents complete emptying, fermentation of contents and dilatation of the stomach caused by ulcer or scar formation, adhesions or cancer
gastrectasia
50
motility diseases diet mgmt: small frequent feeding, low fat
gastrectasia
51
motility diseases or indigestion, is a condition of discomfort of in the digestive tract than can be physical or psychological in origin
dyspepsia
52
motility diseases symptoms: heartburn, bloating, pain, and regurgitation
dyspepsia
53
motility diseases etiology: can be physical or psychological physical: overeating or spicy foods, or may be a symptom of another problem (e.g. appendicitis or a kidney, gallbladder, or colon disease or cancer) psychological: stress
dyspepsia
54
small intestine - diseases the disease characterized by atrophy of the intestines due to lack of peptidase to digest the gliadin fraction of gluten
gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease)
55
small intestine - diseases signs: diarrhea, weight loss, steatorrhea
celiac disease
56
small intestine - diseases celiac disease: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: rich in gluten
restrict rye, oats, wheat, and barley
57
small intestine - diseases celiac disease: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: prevent steatorrhea
low fat
58
small intestine - diseases celiac disease: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: for better fat absorption
mct
59
small intestine - diseases celiac disease: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to replace losses
vitamin and mineral supplementation
60
small intestine - diseases celiac disease: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: compensate weight loss
high kcal
61
small intestine - diseases the disease characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, and intestinal disorders
tropical sprue
62
small intestine - diseases signs: flatulence, indigestion, glossitis
tropical sprue
63
small intestine - diseases tropical sprue: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to heal lesions
high chon
64
small intestine - diseases tropical sprue: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to alleviate symptoms, restore the gastrointestinal structure and function
folic acid
65
small intestine - diseases tropical sprue: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to correct malabsorption
low fat
66
small intestine - diseases tropical sprue: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: prevent pernicious anemia
vitamin b12
67
small intestine - diseases the fibrosis of the bowel wall due to radiation exposure characterized by diarrhea and malabsorption
enteritis
68
small intestine - diseases enteritis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to provide nutritional needs
npo, ivf, or pn
69
small intestine - diseases enteritis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation
small frequent feedings
70
small intestine - diseases enteritis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to favor fat absorption
low fat, MCT
71
small intestine - diseases enteritis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to replace losses
vitamin and mineral supplements
72
small intestine - diseases enteritis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to prevent oxaluria
calcium supplements
73
small intestine - diseases congenital malformation of the lymphatic system causing losses of chon, diarrhea, and steatorrhea due to malabsorption
lymphangiectasis
74
small intestine - diseases lymphangiectasis: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: for direct transport to the liver and better fat absorption
lymphangiectasis
75
small intestine - diseases pertains to the failure to absorb nutrients due to pancreatitis, e.coli or rotavirus infection, bacterial overgrowth, impaired enzymatic activity, biliary secretion, drugs, and reduction of absorptive surface due to organic diseases (celiac or tropical sprue, resections or bypass) increased absorption may occur with hemochromatosis of wilson's disease
malabsorption
76
small intestine - diseases malabsorption: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: in case of malabsorption
fat-restricted diets
77
small intestine - diseases malabsorption: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: for hyperoxaluria due to binding of fatty acids with calcium
oxalate-restricted diets
78
small intestine - diseases intestinal obstruction: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: to provide nutrition support
npo, iv, tpn
79
small intestine - diseases intestinal obstruction: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: surgical removal of the obstruction
-
80
small intestine - diseases intolerance: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: restrict specific disaccharide-rich food item e.g. if lactose, restrict milk
intolerance
81
the failure to digest and absorb nutrients due to lack of enzyme activity characterized by vomiting or diarrhea
intolerance
82
severe diarrhea and malabsorption following surgery or intestinal ressections
short-bowel syndrome
83
small intestine - diseases short-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: tube feeding, iv nutrition, or intestinal transplantation
-
84
small intestine - diseases stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: progressive diets
-
85
small intestine - diseases stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: if with intact colon
increased cho, low fat
86
small intestine - diseases stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt diet: ? rationale: vitamin and mineral supplements
-

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