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NBCD > Chapter 22: MNT in GI Disorders (1) > Flashcards

Chapter 22: MNT in GI Disorders (1) Flashcards

1
Q

esophagitis - etiology

ingesting an irritating agent, by intubation, or by an infection

A

acute esophagitis

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2
Q

esophagus - disease

chronic, or reflux esophagitis, recurrent

can be caused by a hiatal hernia, reduced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, abdominal pressure, recurrent vomiting, alcohol use, overweight, or smoking

A

gastroesophageal reflux

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3
Q

esophagus - medical mgmt

antacids, cholinergic drugs to increase lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure

A

esophagitis

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4
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: prevent gastric reflux

A

low fat

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5
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: prevent herniation and reflux decreases abdominal pressure

A

low calories for obese

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6
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: increase LES pressure

A

high chon

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7
Q

esophagitis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to prevent high secretion of acid and decreases of LES pressure

A

no alcohol, spices

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8
Q

esophagus - diseases

refers to the difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

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9
Q

diet mgmt

liquid diets, small frequent feeding to facilitate swallowing

A

dysphagia

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10
Q

esophagus - diseases

failure of the LES to relax and open during swallowing

A

achalasia

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11
Q

diet mgmt

liquid diets, small frequent feeding to facilitate swallowing

A

ahalasia

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12
Q

esophagus - diseases

the stricture of the esophagus caused by fibrotic tissues, increased pressure of herniation from adjacent organs, and abdominal growth of tissues

A

esophageal obstruction

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13
Q

mgmt

medical surgery, radiation, or dilatation

A

esophageal obstuction

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14
Q

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to facilitate swallowing

A

liquid diets

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15
Q

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to provide nutrition when oral nutrition is inadequate or impossible

A

tube feeding when necessary

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16
Q

stomach - diseases

organic diseases of the stomach is characterized by the presence of a structural change in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as _____ and _____

A

petic ulcer and gastritis

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17
Q

stomach - diseases

functional diseases of the stomach are characterized by alteration in the function of the GIT without any structural damage of the GIT

A

-

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18
Q

stomach - diseases

an eroded lesion in the gastric mucosa or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer

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19
Q

stomach - diseases

symptoms:

burning sensation in the epigastric region, sometimes accompanied by weight loss, vomiting of blood

A

peptic ulcer

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20
Q

peptic ulcer etiology

stimulants of gastric acid secretion (stress, nicotine, alcohol, and spices), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gender (more common in males)

A

helicobacter pylori

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21
Q

stomach - diseases medical mgmt

antacids: counteract or neutralize acidity, magnesium-/aluminum-containing compounds

ex: maalox, mylanta

A

peptic ulcers

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22
Q

stomach - diseases

antibiotics: used to control h. pylori infestation, may be used in combination

A

peptic ulcers

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23
Q

stomach - diseases

histamine h2-receptor antagonists: histamine normally attaches to specific cellular receptors on acid-producing parietal cells and influence gastric acid secretion

-these drugs block acid production and release
ex: cimetidine (tagamet), ranitidine (zantac)

A

peptic ulcer

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24
Q

stomach - diseases

proton pump inhibitors: suppress hcl production by preventing the action of an enzyme that secretes hydrogen ions needed for hcl production

A

peptic ulcer

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25
Q

stomach - diseases

refers to the removal of the stomach

A

gastrectomy

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26
Q

stomach - diseases

diet: balance diet to provide optimal nutrition
blanc to prevent irritation
milk has been proven to cause rebound acidity

A

peptic ulcer

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27
Q

stomach - diseases

the inflammation of the gastric mucosa; characterized by vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea. and abdominal distention

A

gastritis

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28
Q

stomach - diseases

etiology: gastric stimulants like stress, nicotine, spices, and alcohol, poor dietary habits, drugs

A

gastritis

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29
Q

stomach - diseases

gastritis - diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to rest the organ

A

npo during acute attacks

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30
Q

stomach - diseases

gastritis - diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to replace fluid losses

A

IVF

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31
Q

stomach - diseases

gastritis - diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to provide optimal nutrition

A

balanced diet

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32
Q

stomach - diseases

gastritis - diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: to prevent irritation, correct faulty habits

A

bland, when necessary

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33
Q

gastric secretory disturbances - types

low secretion of gastric juices

A

hypochlorhydria

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34
Q

gastric secretory disturbances - types

no free hcl

A

achlorhydria

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35
Q

gastric secretory disturbances - types

no free or combined hcl

A

achylia gastrica

36
Q

gastric secretory disturbances

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: prevent fermentation

A

complex CHO

37
Q

gastric secretory disturbances

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: inhibits gastric secretion

A

low fat

38
Q

gastric secretory disturbances

diet mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: proteins are not digested properly

A

low chon

39
Q

stomach - diseases

high secretion of gastric juices

A

hyperchlorhydria

40
Q

stomach - diseases

dietary mgmt: high fat to prevent gastric secretion

A

hyperchlorhydria

41
Q

stomach - diseases

pertains to the overflow of gastric juices

A

gastrosucchorrhea

42
Q

stomach - diseases

diet mgmt: high gat to prevent gastric secretion

A

gastrosucchorrhea

43
Q

stomach - diseases

use of antacids may cause:
-phosphorous deficiency
-constipation or diarrhea
-mg toxicity
-altered electrolyte levels
-nausea
-vomiting
-cramps
-headache
-flushes
-appetite increase
-drowsiness
-decreased iron absorption

A

gastrosucchorrhea

44
Q

stomach - diseases

the protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

the hernia prevents the food from moving normally along the digestive tract

A

hiatal hernia

45
Q

prevents the food from moving normally along the digestive tract

A

hernia

46
Q

stomach - diseases

sign: gastric reflux

A

hiatal hernia

47
Q

stomach - diseases

diet mgmt: prevent gastric reflux and increase LES pressure

restriction of stimulants
low kcal, if obese
low fat
low chon

A

hiatal hernia

48
Q

motility diseases

lack of gastric tone, delayed emptying time caused by other diseases and emotional disturbance

A

gastric atony

49
Q

motility diseases

stenosis of the pylorus, which prevents complete emptying, fermentation of contents and dilatation of the stomach caused by ulcer or scar formation, adhesions or cancer

A

gastrectasia

50
Q

motility diseases

diet mgmt: small frequent feeding, low fat

A

gastrectasia

51
Q

motility diseases

or indigestion, is a condition of discomfort of in the digestive tract than can be physical or psychological in origin

A

dyspepsia

52
Q

motility diseases

symptoms: heartburn, bloating, pain, and regurgitation

A

dyspepsia

53
Q

motility diseases

etiology: can be physical or psychological

physical: overeating or spicy foods, or may be a symptom of another problem (e.g. appendicitis or a kidney, gallbladder, or colon disease or cancer)

psychological: stress

A

dyspepsia

54
Q

small intestine - diseases

the disease characterized by atrophy of the intestines due to lack of peptidase to digest the gliadin fraction of gluten

A

gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease)

55
Q

small intestine - diseases

signs: diarrhea, weight loss, steatorrhea

A

celiac disease

56
Q

small intestine - diseases

celiac disease: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: rich in gluten

A

restrict rye, oats, wheat, and barley

57
Q

small intestine - diseases

celiac disease: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: prevent steatorrhea

A

low fat

58
Q

small intestine - diseases

celiac disease: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: for better fat absorption

A

mct

59
Q

small intestine - diseases

celiac disease: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses

A

vitamin and mineral supplementation

60
Q

small intestine - diseases

celiac disease: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: compensate weight loss

A

high kcal

61
Q

small intestine - diseases

the disease characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, and intestinal disorders

A

tropical sprue

62
Q

small intestine - diseases

signs: flatulence, indigestion, glossitis

A

tropical sprue

63
Q

small intestine - diseases

tropical sprue: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to heal lesions

A

high chon

64
Q

small intestine - diseases

tropical sprue: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to alleviate symptoms, restore the gastrointestinal structure and function

A

folic acid

65
Q

small intestine - diseases

tropical sprue: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to correct malabsorption

A

low fat

66
Q

small intestine - diseases

tropical sprue: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: prevent pernicious anemia

A

vitamin b12

67
Q

small intestine - diseases

the fibrosis of the bowel wall due to radiation exposure characterized by diarrhea and malabsorption

A

enteritis

68
Q

small intestine - diseases

enteritis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to provide nutritional needs

A

npo, ivf, or pn

69
Q

small intestine - diseases

enteritis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to prevent irritation

A

small frequent feedings

70
Q

small intestine - diseases

enteritis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to favor fat absorption

A

low fat, MCT

71
Q

small intestine - diseases

enteritis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses

A

vitamin and mineral supplements

72
Q

small intestine - diseases

enteritis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to prevent oxaluria

A

calcium supplements

73
Q

small intestine - diseases

congenital malformation of the lymphatic system causing losses of chon, diarrhea, and steatorrhea due to malabsorption

A

lymphangiectasis

74
Q

small intestine - diseases

lymphangiectasis: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: for direct transport to the liver and better fat absorption

A

lymphangiectasis

75
Q

small intestine - diseases

pertains to the failure to absorb nutrients due to pancreatitis, e.coli or rotavirus infection, bacterial overgrowth, impaired enzymatic activity, biliary secretion, drugs, and reduction of absorptive surface due to organic diseases (celiac or tropical sprue, resections or bypass)

increased absorption may occur with hemochromatosis of wilson’s disease

A

malabsorption

76
Q

small intestine - diseases

malabsorption: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: in case of malabsorption

A

fat-restricted diets

77
Q

small intestine - diseases

malabsorption: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: for hyperoxaluria due to binding of fatty acids with calcium

A

oxalate-restricted diets

78
Q

small intestine - diseases

intestinal obstruction: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: to provide nutrition support

A

npo, iv, tpn

79
Q

small intestine - diseases

intestinal obstruction: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: surgical removal of the obstruction

A

-

80
Q

small intestine - diseases

intolerance: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: restrict specific disaccharide-rich food item

e.g. if lactose, restrict milk

A

intolerance

81
Q

the failure to digest and absorb nutrients due to lack of enzyme activity characterized by vomiting or diarrhea

A

intolerance

82
Q

severe diarrhea and malabsorption following surgery or intestinal ressections

A

short-bowel syndrome

83
Q

small intestine - diseases

short-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: tube feeding, iv nutrition, or intestinal transplantation

A

-

84
Q

small intestine - diseases

stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: progressive diets

A

-

85
Q

small intestine - diseases

stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: if with intact colon

A

increased cho, low fat

86
Q

small intestine - diseases

stort-bowel syndrome: diet mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: vitamin and mineral supplements

A

-

NBCD (89 decks)

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