Chapter 22: MNT in GI Disorders Flashcards
disease of the intestines - small intestine
is the disease characterized by atrophy of the intestine due to lack of peptidase to digest the gliadin fraction of gluten
gluten-sensitivity enteropathy (celiac disease)
gluten-sensitive enteropathy is aka
celiac disease
disease of the intestines - small intestine
signs of this disease are: diarrhea, weight loss, steatorrhea
gluten-sensitive (celiac disease)
disease of the intestines - small intestine
celiac disease dietary mgmt
diet: restrict rye, oats, wheat, and barley
rationale?
rich in gluten
disease of the intestines - small intestine
celiac disease dietary mgmt
diet: low fat
rationale:
prevent steatorrhea
disease of the intestines - small intestine
celiac disease dietary mgmt
diet: MCT
rationale:
for better fat absorption
excessive amounts of fat in your poop
steatorrhea
disease of the intestines - small intestine
celiac disease dietary mgmt
diet: vitamin and mineral supplementation
rationale:
to replace losses
disease of the intestines - small intestine
celiac disease dietary mgmt
diet: high calorie
rationale:
to compensate weight loss
disease of the intestines - small intestine
refers to the disease characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, and intestinal disorders
tropical sprue
disease of the intestines - small intestine
signs of this disease are: flatulence, indigestion, glossitis
tropical sprue
disease of the intestines - small intestine
tropical sprue dietary mgmt
diet: high protein
rationale:
to health lesions
disease of the intestines - small intestine
tropical sprue dietary mgmt
diet: folic acid
rationale:
to alleviate symptoms; restore the gi structure and function
disease of the intestines - small intestine
tropical sprue dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to correct malabsorption
low fat diet
disease of the intestines - small intestine
tropical sprue dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: prevent pernicious anemia
vitamin b12
disease of the intestines - small intestine
refers to the fibrosis of the bowel wall due to radiation exposure characterized by diarrhea and malabsorption
enteritis
disease of the intestines - small intestine
enteritis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to provide nutritional needs
NPO, IVF, or PN
disease of the intestines - small intestine
enteritis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent irritation
small frequent feedings
disease of the intestines - small intestine
enteritis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to favor fat absorption
low fat, MCT
disease of the intestines - small intestine
enteritis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses
vitamins and mineral supplements
disease of the intestines - small intestine
enteritis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent oxaluria
calcium supplements
happens when you have too much oxalate in your urine
oxaluria
disease of the intestines - small intestine
refers to the congenital malformation of the lymphatic system causing losses of protein, diarrhea, and steatorrhea, due to malabsorption
lymphangiectasis
disease of the intestines - small intestine
lymphangiectasis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: for direct transport to the liver and better fat absorption
MCT
disease of the intestines - small intestine
pertains to the failure to absorb nutrients due to pancreatitis, e.coli, or rotavirus infection, bacterial overgrowth, impaired enzymatic activity, biliary secretion, drugs, and reduction of absorptive surface due to organic diseases (celiac or tropical sprue, resections or bypass); increased absorption may occur with hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease
malabsorption
disease of the intestines - small intestine
malabsorption dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: in case of malabsorption
fat-restricted diets
disease of the intestines - small intestine
malabsorption dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: for hyperoxaluria due to binding of fatty acids with calcium
oxalate-restricted diets
disease of the intestines - small intestine
interference with the flow of intestinal contents caused by adhesions, hernia, or tumor
intestinal obstruction
disease of the intestines - small intestine
intestinal obstruction dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to provide nutrition support
NPO, IV, TPN
disease of the intestines - small intestine
intestinal obstruction dietary mgmt
diet: surgical removal of the obstruction
rationale: -
-
disease of the intestines - small intestine
the failure to digest and absorb nutrients due to lack of enzyme activity characterized by vomiting or diarrhea
intolerance
disease of the intestines - small intestine
intolerance dietary mgmt
diet: restrict specific disaccharide rich food item (ex: if lactose, restrict milk)
rationale: -
-
disease of the intestines - small intestine
severe diarrhea and malabsorption following surgery or intestinal resections
short-bowel syndrome
disease of the intestines - small intestine
short bowel syndrome dietary mgmt
diet:
-tube feeding, intravenous nutrition or intestinal transplantation
-progressive diets
-if with intact colon, carbohydrates (CHOs) are increased; low fat
- if w/o intact colon, fats are increased; low CHO
-vitamin and mineral supplements
-
disease of the intestines - large intestine
symptom of several diseases
acc to WHO (2009), it is the passage of 3 or more watery or loose bowel movements in a 24-hr period
diarrhea
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea may be acute
<2 weeks
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea may be severe
> 2 weeks
disease of the intestines - large intestine
etiology of this disease is: stress, poor eating habits, lesions in the git, organic diseases, enzyme deficiency, malabsorption, and infection
diarrhea
disease of the intestines - large intestine
types of this disease are: osmotic, secretory, exudative, and motility disorder
diarrhea
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea mangement (medical)
antidiarrheal drugs
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to rest the organ and replace fluids
NPO, IVF
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent dehydration
electrolyte replacement
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent irritation
progressive diets from clear to normal
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diarrhea dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses
high kcal, high-protein supplements
disease of the intestines - large intestine
the retention of feces in the colon due to decreased gastric emptying time
constipation
disease of the intestines - large intestine
etiology of this disease are: inactivity, decreased GIT motility due to pregnancy, operation or stress, lack of fiber
constipation
disease of the intestines - large intestine
constipation: where there is weakened movement; lazy bowel
atonic
disease of the intestines - large intestine
constipation: when there are small ribbon-like stools due to increased tonicity
spastic
complication of constipation
due to decal impaction
inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity caused by the leakage of infectious microorganisms through a perforation in an abdominal organ
peritonitis
disease of the intestines - large intestine
atonic constipation dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to promote motility, increase bulk, to soften the stools
high fiber and fluids
disease of the intestines - large intestine
spastic constipation dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to form the stools
low fiber; agar-agar
disease of the intestines - large intestine
spastic constipation dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent irritation
bland
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulosis - are sacs or pouches that develop in weakened areas of the intestinal wall
diverticula
disease of the intestines - large intestine
refers to the presence of many pouches or diverticula in the large intestine
diverticulosis
disease of the intestines - large intestine
pertains to the presence of inflamed diverticula
diverticulitis
disease of the intestines - large intestine
etiology of this disease are: old age, weakened musculature, low-fiber diets
diverticulitis
disease of the intestines - large intestine
characteristics of this disease are: fibrosis of the intestinal walls, narrowing of the lumen, abdominal pain and distention, alternates of diarrhea and infection, indigestion, and flatus
diverticulitis
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulitis medical mgmt
surgery, anti-infective drugs
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulosis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to rest the organ
NPO
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulosis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to supply liquids
IVF
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulosis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to stimulate bowel movement
high fiber after acute attacks
disease of the intestines - large intestine
diverticulosis dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: to attain optimal nutrition
high calorie, high protein
inflammatory bowel diseases
pertains to the chronic inflammation and ulceration of the large intestines’ mucosa characterized by rectal bleeding, fever, malnutrition, and diarrhea with pain and spasm
ulcerative colitis
inflammatory bowel diseases
refers to the crack-like ulcers accompany inflammation commonly affects the ileum and colon
crohn’s disease
inflammatory bowel diseases
complications - _____ of the intestines causing obstruction and inflammation
fibrosis
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to attain optimal nutrition
high kcal, high protein
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to replenish losses of vitamins, minerals, and fluids
supplementation
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent irritation
low fiber and residue
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses
fe supplements
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to prevent undue intestinal distention
progressive diet from clear to normal, bland
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: malabsorption
low fat
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: malabsorption of if ileum is affected
supplement vitamin b12
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: to provide nutrition when there are fistulas
small frequent feeding
inflammatory bowel diseases
dietary management
diet: ?
rationale: these are live microorganisms, constituents of the microflora, which modulate immune response
probiotics
inflammatory bowel diseases
the inflammation of the appendix characterized by severe abdominal pain and tenderness in the right lower quadrant
appendicitis
inflammatory bowel diseases
management after surgery
diet: ?
rationale: progressive diet after peristalsis resumes
NPO, IVF
inflammatory bowel diseases
refer to the ruptures in the hemorrhoidal veins
may cause rectal bleeding, may be caused by pregnancy and/or constipation
hemorrhoids
inflammatory bowel diseases
hemorrhoids dietary management (2)
high-fiber diet or fiber supplementation
inflammatory bowel diseases
an intestinal disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort, cramping, diarrhea, or constipation
irritable bowel syndrome
inflammatory bowel diseases
irritable bowel syndrome dietary management (2)
fat restricted and fiber controlled
inflammatory bowel diseases
medical management (3)
antidepressants, laxatives, anti-diarrheal
inflammatory bowel diseases
pertains to the proliferation of microorganisms because of reduction of gastric secretions and other protective mechanisms
bacterial overgrowth
this disease is an intestinal gas production, fatty acid deficiencies, pernicious anemia, bone pain, scaling, and bruising
bacterial growth
inflammatory bowel diseases
etiology of this disease are: gastric surgery, chronic gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, human immunodeficiency virus infections, statis
bacterial overgrowth
where the digestion and absorption of food occur
gastrointestinal tract
oral cavity - diseases
congenital deformities in the lip or palate that prevents adequate closure
cleft lip/cleft palate
cleft palate - medical mgmt
surgery
cleft palate - dietary mgmt
-small frequent feedings
-formula-red using medicine dropper or large-holed feedings bottles
-
oral cavity - diseases
dental problems, toothlessness, ill-fitting dentures - diet mgmt
-oral hygiene, avoid cariogenic (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and selenium) and sticky sweets
-fluoride to stabilize enamel and lessen the formation of carries
-phosphate to cleanse and mineralize
diet mgmt
oral cavity - diseases
refers to the angular fissuring of the mouth
cheilosis
oral cavity - diseases
pertains to lip lesion characterized by fissures of the corners of the lips
angular stomatitis
angular stomatitis - causes
nut. deficiencies (b complex, iron, and protein), infection, or folding of skin
cheilosis or angular stomatitis - diet mgmt
-Identify and corrent the nutritional deficiency
-If due to infection, arrest infection and provide high chon and sufficient calories to combat the infection
-
oral cavity - diseases
refers to the inflammation of the oral mucosa due to niacin, tryptophan, folic acid, or vitamin b12 deficiency
stomatitis
stomatitis - diet mgmt
if chewing is difficult
liquid to soft diet
oral cavity - diseases
if with high fever and infection
high kcal, high chon
oral cavity - diseases
refers to the increased vascularity of papillary epithelium manifested by soreness of the tongue, atrophy, and flattening
glossitis
glossitis - diet mgmt
vitamin b complex supplements
-
oral cavity - diseases
refers to the inflammation of the supporting structure of the teeth (gingival and periodontal ligaments) with a resultant loss of alveolar bone
periodontitis
supplement of ca, vitamin a, chon, folic acid, and iron
softer consistency
oral hygiene
periodontitis - diet mgmt
oral cavity - diseases
refers to the inflammation of the throat
tonsilitis
diet mgmt:
moist, soft-textured foods
avoid acid foods or sticky foods
avoid thermally irritating foods
tonsilitis diet mgmt
esophagus - disease
refers to the acute or chronic inflammation of the esophageal wall
esophagitis
esophagus - disease
symptoms: heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
esophagitis
