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NBCD > Chapter 1: Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

nutrient found/not found in the food

something to do with a specific nutrient or with the absence of the nurtient

ex: high in fiber, vitamin c, vitamin, a, iron, protein
ex: cholesterol-free, low in saturated fat

A

nutrient claim

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2
Q

need proof or evidence that the product with all of its components can reduce the risk of heart disease

reviewed by FDA before approving the health claim of a commodity or an item

A

health claim

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3
Q

how much the key nutrients in that food contributes to daily caloric and nutrient requirements

A

daily values

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4
Q

science of dealing with foods, nutrient composition, eating habits, nutritional status, and health

covers the social, economic, environmental, cultural, political, and psychological implications of food and eating (ra 10862, 2016)

A

nutrition

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5
Q

state of complete physical, mental, and social well0being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

A

health

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6
Q

chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues

A

nutrients

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7
Q

products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of like and the growth and repair of tissues

A

foods

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8
Q

nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs

about 40 nutrients are known to be essential in human beings

A

essential nutrients

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9
Q

also called indispensable nutrients

A

essential nutrients

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10
Q

usual pattern of food and drink intake by a person

A

diet

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11
Q

contains all the nutrients and other substances found naturally in food, in proper amounts and proportions needed by the body to function well

A

balanced diet

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12
Q

the condition of the body resulting from intake, absorption, and utilization of food

A

nutritional status

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13
Q

any condition caused by deficit or excess energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

A

malnutrition

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14
Q

the underconsumption of food energy or nutrients sever enough to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease; form of malnutrition

A

undernutrition

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15
Q

overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

form of malnutrition

A

overnutrition

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16
Q

organic proteinaceous catalysts of biochemical reactions

A

enzymes

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17
Q

proteins found in digestive juice that act on food substances, causing them to break down into simpler compounds

A

digestive enzymes

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18
Q

chemical messengers secreted by a variety of glands in response to altered conditions in the body

each hormone travels to one or more specific target tissues or organs, where it elicits a specific response to maintain homeostasis

A

hormones

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19
Q

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

anatomy

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20
Q

study how living organisms function

A

physiology

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21
Q

human body is composed of 5 structural levels

A

chemical > cellular > tissue > organ > organ system > organismal level

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22
Q

levels of structural organization

simplest level of structural organization where atoms combine to form molecules

these molecules form organelles, the basic components of the cells

A

chemical level

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23
Q

levels of structural organization

smallest units of living things

individual cells vary in size and shape, signifying their unique functions in the body

A

cellular level

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24
Q

levels of structural organization

groups of similar cells with common function

A

tissue level

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25
Q

levels of structural organization - types of tissues

covers the body surface and lines its cavities

A

epithelium

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26
Q

levels of structural organization - types of tissues

provides movement

A

muscle

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27
Q

levels of structural organization - types of tissues

supports and protects body organs

A

connective tissue

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28
Q

levels of structural organization - types of tissues

provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses

A

nervous tissue

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29
Q

levels of structural organization

an organ is a discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

A

organ level

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30
Q

levels of structural organization

composed of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

organ system level

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31
Q

levels of structural organization

highest level of organization and represents the sum total of all structure levels working together to keep humans alive

A

organismal level

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32
Q

major organs or tissues

heart, blood vessels, blood

A

circulatory system

33
Q

major organs or tissues

mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

A

digestive system

34
Q

major organs or tissues

all glands or organs secreting hormones:
pancreas, testes, ovaries, hypothalamus, kidneys, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, stomach, small intestine, liver, adipose tissue, heart, and pineal gland

endocrine cells in other organs

A

endocrine system

35
Q

major organs or tissues

white blood cells and their organs of production

A

immune system

36
Q

major organs or tissues

skin

A

integumentary system

37
Q

major organs or tissues

lymph vessels, lymph nodes

A

lymphatic system

38
Q

major organs or tissues

cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, muscle, joints, skeletal muscle

A

musculoskeletal system

39
Q

major organs or tissues

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and ganglia, sense organs

A

nervous system

40
Q

major organs or tissues

male: testes. penis, and associated ducts and glands
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagona, mammary glands

A

reproductive system

41
Q

major organs or tissues

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

A

respiratory system

42
Q

major organs or tissues

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

A

urinary system

43
Q

primary functions

transport of blood throughout the body

A

circulatory system

44
Q

primary functions

digestion and absorption of nutrients and water; elimination of wastes

A

digestive system

45
Q

primary functions

regulation and coordination of many activities in the body

includes growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance

A

endocrine system

46
Q

primary functions

defense against pathogens

A

immune system

47
Q

primary functions

protection against injury and dehydration; defense against pathogens; regulation of body temp

A

integumentary system

48
Q

primary functions

collection of extracellular fluid for return to blood; participation in immune defenses; absorption of fats from digestive system

A

lymphatic system

49
Q

primary functions

support, protection, and movement of the body; production of blood cells

A

musculoskeletal system

50
Q

primary functions

regulation and coordination of many activities in the body;

detection of and response to changes in the internal and eternal environments;

states of consciousness

learning, memory

emotions

A

nervous system

51
Q

primary functions

male: production and transfer of sperm to female

female: provision of a nutritive environment for the developing embryo and fetus

nutrition of the infant

A

reproductive system

52
Q

primary functions

exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids

A

respiratory system

53
Q

primary functions

regulation of plasma composition through controlled excretion of ions, water, and organic wastes

A

urinary system

54
Q

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

the outer boundary of the cell

A

plasma membrane

55
Q

basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

A

cell

56
Q

membranes surrounding the cell and cell organelles regulate the _____ of molecules and ions into and out of the cell and its compartments

A

movements

57
Q

other functions of the plasma membrane are to:

-detect chemical messengers arriving at the cell surface
-link adjacent cells together by membrane junctions
-anchor cells to the extracellular matrix

A

-

58
Q

membranes consist of bimolecular _____ composed of phospholipids with embedded proteins

A

lipid layer

59
Q

are amphipathic proteins that often span the membrane

A

integral membrane proteins

60
Q

molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

A

amphipathic

61
Q

are confined to the surfaces of the membrane

A

integral membrane proteins

62
Q

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

cell-forming material

A

cytoplasm

63
Q

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus where most cellular activities occur

A

cytoplasm

64
Q

cytoplasm - parts

viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended; a complex mixture with properties of both a colloid and a true solution

A

cytosol

65
Q

cytoplasm - parts

cytosol is made up largely of

A

water

66
Q

cytoplasm - parts

proteins, salt, sugars, and a variety of other solutes are dissolved in this part of the cytoplasm

A

cytosol

67
Q

cytoplasm - parts

little organs

A

organelles

68
Q

cytoplasm - parts

specialized cellular compartments or other structures, each performing its own job to maintain the life of the cell

A

organelles

69
Q

cytoplasm - organelles (parts)

major cell sites that consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide in chemical processes that transfer energy to ATP, which can then provide energy for cell functions

A

mitochondria

70
Q

cytoplasm - organelles (parts)

composed of RNA and protein; sites of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

71
Q

cytoplasm - organelles (parts)

network of flattened sacs and tubules in the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

72
Q

cytoplasm - organelles (parts)

has attached ribosomes and is primarily involved in the packaging of proteins to be secreted by the cell or distributed to other organelles

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

73
Q

is tubular, lacks ribosomes, and is the site of lipid synthesis and calcium accumulation and release

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

74
Q

cytoplasm - parts

modifies and sorts the proteins that are synthesized on the rough or granular endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into secretory vesicles

A

golgi apparatus

75
Q

cytoplasm - parts

use oxygen to remove hydrogen from organic molecules and in the process from hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisomes

76
Q

cytoplasm - parts

digest particulate matter that enters the cell

A

lysosomes

77
Q

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

an organelle that controls cellular activities

lies near the cell’s center

A

nucleus

78
Q

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

NBCD (89 decks)

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