Chapter 7: Lipid - Metabolic Reactions (Fatty Acid Synthesis)

Question 1

refers to the formation or synthesis of fatty acid using acetyl coa derived primarily from carbohydrate but may also come from B-oxidation

Answer 1

fatty acid synthesis

Question 2

fatty acid synthesis is known as

Answer 2

complete or de novo synthesis

Question 3

fatty acids are transported in the plasma bound to albumin, they are oxidized in the _____

Answer 3

mitochondria

Question 4

transport of fatty acids from the _____ into the mitochondria involves their conversion into carnityl derivatives

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

fatty acid synthesis - process involved (2) stages

1. fatty acids are initially converted into coa derivatives that take up carnitine

these are transported across the _____ membrane as carnitine complexes

Answer 5

mitochondrial

Question 6

fatty acid synthesis - process involved (2) stages

2. synthesis starts with the carboxylation of acetyl coa to malonyl coa in reaction catalyzed by the biotin-containing enzyme acetyl coa carboxylase

all these subsequent reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme _____ (FAS)

Answer 6

fatty acid synthase

Question 7

fatty acid synthesis - process involved (2) stages

2. requirements of fatty acid synthesis

usually derived from the metabolism of glucose

Answer 7

acetyl coa

Question 8

fatty acid synthesis - process involved (2) stages

2. as an energy source

Answer 8

atp

Question 9

fatty acid synthesis - process involved (2) stages

2. reducing equivalents in the form of

Answer 9

NADPH

Question 10

fatty acid synthesis - tissue/organ involved

main sites of fatty acid de novo synthesis are (2)

Answer 10

liver and adiposities

Question 11

fatty acid synthesis - cell site

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

fatty acid synthesis - starting material

priming unit for fatty acid synthesis

Answer 12

either acetyl coa or butyryl coa

Question 13

fatty acid synthesis - final product

Answer 13

fatty acid chain, usually palmitic acid (c16)

Question 14

fatty acid synthesis - summary

a) the commitment step for the synthesis of fatty acid is the formation of _____ from acetyl coa via the enzyme acetyl coa carboxylase

Answer 14

malonyl coa

Question 15

fatty acid synthesis - summary

b) malonyl coa is converted to malonyl-acp through the _____

Answer 15

malonyltransferase enzyme

Question 16

fatty acid synthesis - summary

c) malonyl acp reacts with a molecyle of acetyl acp to produce _____

Answer 16

b-ketoacyl-aco

Question 17

fatty acid synthesis - summary

d) 3 consecutive reactions include:
1. dehydration and reduction
2. convert molecule to butyryl-acp

Answer 17

-

Question 18

fatty acid synthesis - summary

e) the cycle continues until the _____ is formed

Answer 18

c16

Question 19

fatty acid synthesis - summary

f) transferring th acp moiety to the functional SH, group thus leaving a carboxylic group at the end of the chain, forms the fatty acid chain

Answer 19

-

Question 20

fatty acid synthesis - summary

stimulated by high atp, glucose main source of acetyl coa for fatty acid synthesis activated by _____ and _____

Answer 20

citrate and insulin

Question 21

fatty acid synthesis - summary

fatty acid synthesis occurs when the cells have an abundance of energy and have high atp

Answer 21

-

Question 22

fatty acid synthesis - regulator

regulated by the enzyme complex _____, which has biotin and bicarbonate, inhibited by glucagons

fasting regulates fatty acid synthesis. it inhibits the synthesis of the enzyme acetyl coa carboxylase and the fas

Answer 22

acetyl coa carboxylase