Chapter 10: Macromineral (Chloride)

Question 1

major anion of the extracellular fluids

Answer 1

chloride

Question 2

comprises about 0.15% of _____

Answer 2

adult body weight

Question 3

concentration is high in _____ (3)

Answer 3

cerebrospinal fluids, gi secretions, and gastric juices

Question 4

chloride - function

maintain normal _____ and _____ balance

Answer 4

fluid and electrolyte

Question 5

chloride - function

a constituent of _____ which maintains the strong acidity of the stomach

Answer 5

hydrochloric acid

Question 6

chloride - function

helps maintain _____ balance in body fluids

Answer 6

acid-base

Question 7

chloride - absorption

readily absorbed by the _____

Answer 7

gi tract

Question 8

chloride - absorption

excreted in the _____ (2)

Answer 8

urine and sweat

Question 9

chloride

deficiency

Answer 9

does not normally occur

Question 10

chloride

toxicity, vomiting that causes

Answer 10

dehydration

Question 11

chloride

salt, soy sauce, meat, seafood, milk, eggs, and processed foods

Answer 11

food sources

Question 12

chloride - recommendation

for children 1-3 years old

Answer 12

350 mg

Question 13

chloride - recommendation

for children 3-5 years old

Answer 13

500 mg

Question 14

chloride - recommendation

for children 6-9 years old

Answer 14

600 mg

Question 15

chloride - recommendation

for ages 10-70 and above years old

Answer 15

750 mg

Question 16

chloride - recommendation

for pregnant and lactating

Answer 16

none

Question 17

3 electrolytes

Answer 17

sodium
chloride
potassium

Question 18

deficiency

stunted growth and retarted calcification of bones and teeth
-rickets
-osteomalacia
-osteoporosis
-tetany

Answer 18

calcium and phosphorous deficiency

Question 19

involves involuntary muscle contractions and overly stimulated peripheral nerves

Answer 19

tetany

Question 20

deficiency

-hypokalemia
-muscle irritability, weakness, and paralysis
-heart may develop a gallop rhythm and cardiac arrest
-poor intestinal tone
-nausea and lack of appetite

Answer 20

potassium deficiency

Question 21

deficiency

muscle cramps
disturbed acid-base balance resulting from diarrhea, vomiting, and profuse sweating

Answer 21

sodium deficiency

Question 22

deficiency

hypomagnesmic tetany

Answer 22

magnesium deficiency

Question 23

deficiency

endocrine disorders (hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex result in hypochloremic alkalosis

Answer 23

chloride deficiency

Question 24

toxicity/excess

-hypercalcemia
-renal calculi
-depressing effect on utilization of fat, phosphorous, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc

Answer 24

calcium

Question 25

toxicity/excess

hyperphosphatemia

Answer 25

phosphorous

Question 26

toxicity/excess

hyperkalemia

Answer 26

potassium

Question 27

toxicity/excess

hypertension

Answer 27

sodium

Question 28

toxicity/excess

hypermagnesemia results in hypotension and may cause decreased tendon reflexes

Answer 28

magnesium