Chapter 25: MNT in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (HPN)

Question 1

high blood pressure

defined as a condition where sustained systolic pressure is above 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure is above 990 mmHg

140/90 mmHg

Answer 1

hypertension

Question 2

hypertension - types

unknown cause; idiopathic

Answer 2

primary/essential

Question 3

hypertension - types

caused by identifiable underlying secondary causes such as endocrine disease, kidney disease, and tumors

Answer 3

secondary

Question 4

bp classification for adults

normal

Answer 4

systolic bp/diastolic bp
<120/>80 mmHg

Question 5

bp classification for adults

prehypertension

Answer 5

systolic bp/diastolic bp
120-139/80-89 mmHg

Question 6

bp classification for adults

hypertensive - stage 1

Answer 6

systolic bp/diastolic bp
140-159/90-99 mmHg

Question 7

bp classification for adults

hypertensive - stage 2

Answer 7

systolic bp/diastolic bp
>160/>100 mmHg

Question 8

BP determinants

blood volume

Answer 8

cardiac output

Question 9

BP determinants

elasticity of the blood

Answer 9

peripheral resistance

Question 10

factors that increases bp

-age
-stress
-nicotine
-alcohol
-overweight/obesity
-high fat/cholesterol intake
-high sodium/salt intake

Answer 10

factors that increase bp

Question 11

complications of increased bp

-atheroma
-coronary artery disease
-aneurysm
-stroke, cerebrovascular accident
-myocardial infarction

Answer 11

complications of increased bp

Question 12

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: prevents the tendency to form blood clots (thrombi, emboli) in patients with CAD, valve damage

ex: aspirin

Answer 12

anticoagulants

Question 13

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: blockers block norepinephrine receptors in heart muscle and thus reduce the strength of the heart beat and may correct certain arrhythmias

Answer 13

beta-adrenergic

Question 14

common example of anticoagulants

Answer 14

aspirin

Question 15

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: refer to drugs that block the flow of calcium into cardiac muscle cells, thus reducing heart contractions

may also lower bp

Answer 15

calcium-channel blockers

Question 16

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: drugs that slow the heart rate and increase strength of cardiac contractions

used in treatment of congestive heart failure (chf) and arrhythmias

ex: digoxin

Answer 16

digitalis

Question 17

example of digitalis

Answer 17

digoxin

Question 18

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: refer to drugs that dilate (widen) coronary blood vessels, thus increasing the flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium;

used to relieve or prevent angina pectoris

Answer 18

nitroglycerin

Question 19

cvd - medical mgmt

drug for heart pt: ?

rationale: stepokinase are drugs that are able to dissolve blood clots, which may be blocking coronary arteries

Answer 19

tissue plasminogen activator

Question 20

cvd - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: decreases work load of the heart (if obese)

Answer 20

low calorie

Question 21

cvd - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: for salt-sensitive, may cause increase blood volume

Answer 21

sodium restricted

Question 22

cvd - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: replenish losses when using diuretics, flushes out Na

Answer 22

high potassium

Question 23

cvd - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: lowers lipid level, regulates bowel movement

Answer 23

fiber

Question 24

cvd - dietary mgmt

diet: ?

rationale: may deposit in the blood vessels, if excessive

Answer 24

lipids, controlled

Question 25

cvd - behavioral modification

-stress mgmt
-smoking cessation
-moderation of alcohol intake, if any
-regular physical exercise

Answer 25

behavioral modification