Chapter 33: MNT of Musculoskeletal Disorders (1) Flashcards
musculoskeletal disorders - mgmt
the porosity and fragility of the bones due to old age
osteoporosis
predisposing factors
-age
-sex
-genetics: more common among caucasians
-inactivity
-smoking and alcohol
-hormonal: thyroid use
-drugs: steroids
osteoporosis
osteoporosis - medical mgmt
-estrogen replacement
-biphosphonates
-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
-intermittent PTH therapy
-calcitonin
-education about prevention of falls
osteoporosis
osteoporosis - dietary mgmt
-adequate calcium intake
-adequate vitamin intake from food, supplements, and sun exposure
-avoidance of excess phosphorous
-balanced diet that provides adequate protein, energy, and micronutrient
-exercise
osteoporosis
non-systemic joint disease characterized by degeneration of the joint cartilage, resulting in pain, stiffness, and loss of motion most commonly affecting the spine, knee, and hip
may result in bone spurs in and around the joint
osteoarthritis
osteoarthritis is also called as
degenerative joint disease
osteoarthritis - medical mgmt
-drug therapy: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, topical, and other pain relievers
-health behavior changes: exercise, weight control, rest, and relief from stress on joints
-non-drug pain relief: heat and cold, TENS, message
osteoarthritis
osteoarthritis - dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: for weight loss or maintenance of appropriate weight
balanced diet with appropriate kcal
osteoarthritis - dietary mgmt
-omega-3 fats
-adequate calcium and vitamin d
-consideration of glucosamine and chondroitin
osteoarthritis
osteoarthritis - complementary therapy (2)
exercise and acupuncture
osteoarthritis - supplements and herbs that can be safely considered
-supplement diet as needed to meet DRI for antioxidants, calcium, folate, vitamins b6, b12, vitamin d
-glucosamine and chondroitin
osteoarthritis
immunologic disease of the joints and related structures
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis - medical mgmt (2)
chondroitin sulfate and pain relievers
surgery
rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt
monitored fasting for _____ days
7-10
rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt
type of diet
vegetarian or vegan diet
rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt
-appropriate calories for maintenance of normal body weight
-RDA for protein unless malnutrition present
-modifications as needed for jaw pain, anorexia, etc.
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt
moderate fat diet with emphasis on _____
omega-3 fats
rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt
low _____ fish 1-2x/week
mercury
rheumatoid arthritis - complementary therapy
exercise, mediation, tai chi, spirituality, relaxation
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis - supplements or herbs that can be safely considered
supplement diet as needed to meet DRI for antioxidants, calcium, folate, vitamins b6, b12, d, fish oils
rheumatoid arthritis
softening of the bone, as shown by bending and bowing of the legs
osteomalacia
etiology:
-dietary deficiency
-inadequate sunlight exposure
-parathyroid problems
-imbalance in calcium phosphorous homeostasis
osteomalacia
osteomalacia - dietary mgmt (3)
high in vitamin d, calcium, and phosphorous diet
disease of purine metabolism characterized by hyperuricemia and tophi (deposition of sodium urate crystals) around joints
gout
severe crippling gout means _____ mg/dl up to _____ mg/dl of uric acid
6-10 mg/dl
20 mg/dl
predisposing factors:
-obesity
-alcoholism
-renal disorders
-high-fat diet
-starvation
-high purine intake
-males are more prone than females
gout
gout - medical mgmt
goals of treatment are to reduce pain associated with acute attacks, to prevent future attacks, and to avoid the formation of tophi and neprholithiasis
gout
gout - medical mgmt
primary treatment: pharmacologic therapy, but the patient can take an active role by adhering to the nutrition guidelines for the management of gout
gout
gout - nutrition mgmt
-weight mgmt
-purine-controlled diet
-adequate fluid consumption
-40% complex cho, 30% fat (mostly unsaturated), 30% chon with moderate calorie restriction, restrict, or eliminated alcohol
gout
gout - complementary mgmt
exercise, _____-as foods
alkaline
a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by poly glandular tissue destruction leading to kerato conjunctivitis, diminished production of tears and saliva, zerostomia, and xeropthalmia
sjögren’s syndrome
sjögren’s syndrome - nut mgmt
balanced diet with _____ (2)
b12 and folate
sjögren’s syndrome - nut mgmt
-limit sugary foods
-modifications as needed for dysphagia
sjögren’s syndrome
affect the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone
temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
temporomandibular disorder - classification
-myofascial pain
-internal derangement of the joint
-degenerative disease
temporomandibular diseases
temporomandibular diseases - nut mgmt
mechanically soft foods in small pcs
