Chapter 33: MNT of Musculoskeletal Disorders (1)

Question 1

musculoskeletal disorders - mgmt

the porosity and fragility of the bones due to old age

Answer 1

osteoporosis

Question 2

predisposing factors

-age
-sex
-genetics: more common among caucasians
-inactivity
-smoking and alcohol
-hormonal: thyroid use
-drugs: steroids

Answer 2

osteoporosis

Question 3

osteoporosis - medical mgmt

-estrogen replacement
-biphosphonates
-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
-intermittent PTH therapy
-calcitonin
-education about prevention of falls

Answer 3

osteoporosis

Question 4

osteoporosis - dietary mgmt

-adequate calcium intake
-adequate vitamin intake from food, supplements, and sun exposure
-avoidance of excess phosphorous
-balanced diet that provides adequate protein, energy, and micronutrient
-exercise

Answer 4

osteoporosis

Question 5

non-systemic joint disease characterized by degeneration of the joint cartilage, resulting in pain, stiffness, and loss of motion most commonly affecting the spine, knee, and hip

may result in bone spurs in and around the joint

Answer 5

osteoarthritis

Question 6

osteoarthritis is also called as

Answer 6

degenerative joint disease

Question 7

osteoarthritis - medical mgmt

-drug therapy: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, topical, and other pain relievers
-health behavior changes: exercise, weight control, rest, and relief from stress on joints
-non-drug pain relief: heat and cold, TENS, message

Answer 7

osteoarthritis

Question 8

osteoarthritis - dietary mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: for weight loss or maintenance of appropriate weight

Answer 8

balanced diet with appropriate kcal

Question 9

osteoarthritis - dietary mgmt

-omega-3 fats
-adequate calcium and vitamin d
-consideration of glucosamine and chondroitin

Answer 9

osteoarthritis

Question 10

osteoarthritis - complementary therapy (2)

Answer 10

exercise and acupuncture

Question 11

osteoarthritis - supplements and herbs that can be safely considered

-supplement diet as needed to meet DRI for antioxidants, calcium, folate, vitamins b6, b12, vitamin d
-glucosamine and chondroitin

Answer 11

osteoarthritis

Question 12

immunologic disease of the joints and related structures

Answer 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

rheumatoid arthritis - medical mgmt (2)

Answer 13

chondroitin sulfate and pain relievers
surgery

Question 14

rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt

monitored fasting for _____ days

Answer 14

7-10

Question 15

rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt

type of diet

Answer 15

vegetarian or vegan diet

Question 16

rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt

-appropriate calories for maintenance of normal body weight
-RDA for protein unless malnutrition present
-modifications as needed for jaw pain, anorexia, etc.

Answer 16

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 17

rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt

moderate fat diet with emphasis on _____

Answer 17

omega-3 fats

Question 18

rheumatoid arthritis - dietary mgmt

low _____ fish 1-2x/week

Answer 18

mercury

Question 19

rheumatoid arthritis - complementary therapy

exercise, mediation, tai chi, spirituality, relaxation

Answer 19

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

rheumatoid arthritis - supplements or herbs that can be safely considered

supplement diet as needed to meet DRI for antioxidants, calcium, folate, vitamins b6, b12, d, fish oils

Answer 20

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 21

softening of the bone, as shown by bending and bowing of the legs

Answer 21

osteomalacia

Question 22

etiology:
-dietary deficiency
-inadequate sunlight exposure
-parathyroid problems
-imbalance in calcium phosphorous homeostasis

Answer 22

osteomalacia

Question 23

osteomalacia - dietary mgmt (3)

Answer 23

high in vitamin d, calcium, and phosphorous diet

Question 24

disease of purine metabolism characterized by hyperuricemia and tophi (deposition of sodium urate crystals) around joints

Answer 24

gout

Question 25

severe crippling gout means _____ mg/dl up to _____ mg/dl of uric acid

Answer 25

6-10 mg/dl
20 mg/dl

Question 26

predisposing factors:

-obesity
-alcoholism
-renal disorders
-high-fat diet
-starvation
-high purine intake
-males are more prone than females

Answer 26

gout

Question 27

gout - medical mgmt

goals of treatment are to reduce pain associated with acute attacks, to prevent future attacks, and to avoid the formation of tophi and neprholithiasis

Answer 27

gout

Question 28

gout - medical mgmt

primary treatment: pharmacologic therapy, but the patient can take an active role by adhering to the nutrition guidelines for the management of gout

Answer 28

gout

Question 29

gout - nutrition mgmt

-weight mgmt
-purine-controlled diet
-adequate fluid consumption
-40% complex cho, 30% fat (mostly unsaturated), 30% chon with moderate calorie restriction, restrict, or eliminated alcohol

Answer 29

gout

Question 30

gout - complementary mgmt

exercise, _____-as foods

Answer 30

alkaline

Question 31

a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by poly glandular tissue destruction leading to kerato conjunctivitis, diminished production of tears and saliva, zerostomia, and xeropthalmia

Answer 31

sjögren’s syndrome

Question 32

sjögren’s syndrome - nut mgmt

balanced diet with _____ (2)

Answer 32

b12 and folate

Question 33

sjögren’s syndrome - nut mgmt

-limit sugary foods
-modifications as needed for dysphagia

Answer 33

sjögren’s syndrome

Question 34

affect the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone

Answer 34

temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Question 35

temporomandibular disorder - classification

-myofascial pain
-internal derangement of the joint
-degenerative disease

Answer 35

temporomandibular diseases

Question 36

temporomandibular diseases - nut mgmt

Answer 36

mechanically soft foods in small pcs