Chapter 23: MNT in Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Disease

Question 1

liver diseases

refers to the failure of the liver to metabolize fat due to inflammation, hepatic injury, or poor fat transport; insulin resistance, increased fat synthesis

this accounts for an increase of 5-40% of the body weight

Answer 1

fatty liver

Question 2

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to synthesize lipotropic factors

Answer 2

high protein

Question 3

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein (for underweight)

Answer 3

high kcal for underweight

Question 4

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to control fat synthesis (for obese)

Answer 4

low calorie for obese

Question 5

liver diseases

inflammation of the liver caused by alcohol, infection, parasites, drugs, and some supplements

Answer 5

hepatitis

Question 6

liver diseases

symptoms of this disease are: jaundice, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain or discomfort

Answer 6

hepatitis

Question 7

liver diseases

fatty liver medical mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to arrest infection

Answer 7

drugs

Question 8

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to replenish losses

Answer 8

IVF

Question 9

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to provide energy

Answer 9

high kcal

Question 10

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to regenerate liver cells at early stage

Answer 10

high protein

Question 11

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein

Answer 11

high carbohydrate

Question 12

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: if there is steatorrhea

Answer 12

low fat, medium chain triglycerides (MCT)

Question 13

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: poor absorption due to law fat diets and poor storage

Answer 13

A, D, E, K supplementation

Question 14

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: inability to store iron

Answer 14

fe supplementation

Question 15

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for energy metabolism

Answer 15

vitamin b-complex supplementation

Question 16

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for replacement of losses, faster wound healing

Answer 16

vitamin and mineral supplemetation

Question 17

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: in case of ascites

Answer 17

low sodium

Question 18

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for better tolerance

Answer 18

small frequent feeding; progressive diet from clear to normal

Question 19

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to synthesize lipotropic factors

Answer 19

high protein

Question 20

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein (for underweight)

Answer 20

high kcal

Question 21

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to control fat synthesis (for obese)

Answer 21

low calorie

Question 22

liver diseases

is the chronic inflammation of the liver replaced with fibrous tissues

Answer 22

cirrhosis

Question 23

cirrhosis complications

is increased blood pressure due to obstructed blood flow to the liver

Answer 23

portal hypertension

Question 24

cirrhosis complications

accumulation of fluids in the abdominal cavity

Answer 24

ascites

Question 25

cirrhosis complications pertain to the distended blood vessels due to ibstruction

Answer 25

esophageal varices

Question 26

cirrhosis complications refers to blood vessels that develop when the blood flow to the liver is obstructed

Answer 26

collateral formation

Question 27

cirrhosis complications refers to elevated ammonia in the blood

Answer 27

hyperammonemia

Question 28

liver diseases etiology of this disease are: alcohol consumption, biliary stasis, and toxins

Answer 28

cirrhosis

Question 29

cirrhosis - types complication of hepatitis

Answer 29

postnecrotic

Question 30

cirrhosis - types if induced by alcohol

Answer 30

laenec's

Question 31

cirrhosis - types diseases of the bile duct

Answer 31

biliary cirrhosis

Question 32

cirrhosis - types obstructions of the bile duct

Answer 32

obstructive cirrhosis

Question 33

cirrhosis - types complication of heart failure

Answer 33

cardiac cirrhosis

Question 34

cirrhosis - types exposure to chemicals, poisons

Answer 34

toxic

Question 35

cirrhosis - types wilson's disease, hemochromatosis

Answer 35

inborn erroes or matabolic

Question 36

cirrhosis - types when causes are unknown

Answer 36

idiopathic

Question 37

liver disease - hepatic coma the combined symptoms of renal and liver failure, may develop as a result of severe cirrhosis

Answer 37

hepatorenal syndrome

Question 38

liver disease also called portal systemic encelopathy liver malfunction characterized by confusion, apathy, and neurological dysfunction; fecal odor of breath, flapping tremor (allows muscles to flap like wings), anemia, and hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 38

hepatic coma

Question 39

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to provide energy

Answer 39

high kcal

Question 40

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to prevent nitrogen retention

Answer 40

low protein

Question 41

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to spare protein

Answer 41

high carbohydrate

Question 42

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: if there is steatorrhea, for better absorption

Answer 42

low fat, mct

Question 43

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to prevent water retention

Answer 43

low sodium, fluid restricted

Question 44

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation

Answer 44

low fiber

Question 45

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation of the varices

Answer 45

liquid diet

Question 46

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: inability to store iron

Answer 46

iron supplementation

Question 47

liver diseases liver cirrhosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: for better tolerance

Answer 47

small frequent feeding and progressive diet from lear to normal

Question 48

liver diseases etiology of this disease is liver damage marked by accumulation of ammonia in blood due to inability of the liver to concert ammonia to urea

Answer 48

hepatic coma

Question 49

liver diseases calcium, magnesium, and vitamin d deficiencies need to be controlled because of steatorrhea, albumin losses, and inability to release vitamin d for activation zinc losses are also associated with liver damage

Answer 49

-

Question 50

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to provide energy

Answer 50

high kcal

Question 51

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to prevent accumulation of nitrogenous wastes

Answer 51

zero to low protein

Question 52

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: for adequate nutrition

Answer 52

liberal vitamins and minerals

Question 53

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: when oral feeding is not possible

Answer 53

tube feeding

Question 54

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: not catabolized in the liver

Answer 54

branched chain amino acids

Question 55

liver diseases hepatic coma dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: hypokalemia increases renal vein ammonia due to increased renal ammonia production and increased back diffusion of ammonia from alkaline urine

Answer 55

parenteral or oral potassium - 100 to 200 mEq if renal function is normal

Question 56

diseases of the pancreas inflammation of the pancreatic tissues due to inadequate supply of blood or obstruction to the flow of pancreatic juice

Answer 56

pancreatitis

Question 57

diseases of the pancreas etiology of this disease are: alcohol consumption, biliary obstruction, and inflammation

Answer 57

pancreatitis

Question 58

diseases of the pancreas symptoms of this disease are: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention

Answer 58

pancreatitis

Question 59

pancreas diseases pancreatitis medical management diet: ? rationale:

Answer 59

use of anti-infective drugs and surgery

Question 60

pancreas diseases pancreatitis dietary management diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation

Answer 60

NPO

Question 61

pancreas diseases pancreatitis dietary management diet: ? rationale: failure of the pancreas to release digestive juices

Answer 61

enzyme replacements

Question 62

pancreas diseases pancreatitis dietary management diet: ? rationale: in cases of bile obstruction

Answer 62

low fat

Question 63

pancreas diseases pancreatitis dietary management diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation

Answer 63

avoid stimulants

Question 64

pancreas disease rare genetic disease refers to the accumulation of mucus in the bronchi, pancreas, liver, and intestines. causing damage and malfunctions of the organs and biliary cirrhosis

Answer 64

cystic fibrosis

Question 65

pancreas disease characteristics of this disease are circulatory collapse, excessive perspiratory losses, biliary cirrhosis, pulmonary damage, intestinal obstruction, salt depletion

Answer 65

cystic fibrosis

Question 66

pancreas disease cystic fibrosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to meet nutrient requirements

Answer 66

high kcal, high protein

Question 67

pancreas disease cystic fibrosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to favor fat absorption

Answer 67

low fat, mct

Question 68

pancreas disease cystic fibrosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to replace losses

Answer 68

vitamin and mineral supplements

Question 69

pancreas disease cystic fibrosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: to provide deficient enzymes

Answer 69

enzyme replacement and pancreatin replacement

Question 70

pancreas disease cystic fibrosis dietary mangement diet: ? rationale: may be necessary for electrolyte replacement

Answer 70

na or salt supplements

Question 71

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone inflammation of the gall bladder

Answer 71

cholecystitis

Question 72

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

Answer 72

cholelithiasis

Question 73

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone presence of one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

Answer 73

cholecystolithiasis

Question 74

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone occurrence of stone in the biliary tree (cystic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct)

Answer 74

choledocholithiasis

Question 75

etiology of this disease are: infection, overweight, pregnancy, constipation, law gall bladder movement, drug (hypercholesterolemic) use and hemolytic disorders

Answer 75

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

Question 76

characteristic of this disease are: epigastric pain radiating to the shoulder, impaired fat digestion, jaundice, abdominal distention, fever

Answer 76

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

Question 77

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone medical treatment to dissolve stones

Answer 77

surgery and drugs

Question 78

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone _____ is inversely related to gall bladder stones in males

Answer 78

ascorbic acid

Question 79

gallbladder disease inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management diet: ? rationale: to rest inflamed gallbladder, prevent, and correct dehydration

Answer 79

NPO, IVF

Question 80

gallbladder disease inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management diet: ? rationale: for better tolerance

Answer 80

progressive diets

Question 81

gallbladder disease inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management diet: ? rationale: to alleviate pain

Answer 81

low fat

Question 82

gallbladder disease inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management diet: ? rationale: to prevent cholesterol secretion and bile excretion (for obese)

Answer 82

low calorie

Question 83

gallbladder disease refers to the abnormal bile flow due to increased (spastic) or decreased contraction of the gall bladder (atonic)

Answer 83

biliary diskynesia

Question 84

gallbladder disease biliary dyskinesia dietary management diet: ? rationale: to rest the rogan (for spastic)

Answer 84

low fat

Question 85

gallbladder disease biliary dyskinesia dietary management diet: ? rationale: to stimulate bile acid secretion (for atonic)

Answer 85

high fat

Question 86

gallbladder disease pertains to the yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin due to overflow of bile into general circulation

Answer 86

gastric jaundice

Question 87

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types liver impairment

Answer 87

hepatic liver

Question 88

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types rapid breakdown of bilirubin

Answer 88

hemolytic

Question 89

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types impaired excretion

Answer 89

obstructive

Question 90

gallbladder disease gastric jaundice - dietary management if infectious

Answer 90

high protein, adequate kcal (maintain dbw), low fat

Question 91

gallbladder disease gastric jaundice - dietary management if obstructive

Answer 91

same as cholelithiasis

Question 92

gallbladder disease gastric jaundice - dietary management if hemolytic

Answer 92

vitamin e supplementation

Question 93

gallbladder disease gastric jaundice - dietary management for hemolysis

Answer 93

eliminate causes