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NBCD > Chapter 23: MNT in Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 23: MNT in Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Disease Flashcards

1
Q

liver diseases

refers to the failure of the liver to metabolize fat due to inflammation, hepatic injury, or poor fat transport; insulin resistance, increased fat synthesis

this accounts for an increase of 5-40% of the body weight

A

fatty liver

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2
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to synthesize lipotropic factors

A

high protein

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3
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein (for underweight)

A

high kcal for underweight

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4
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to control fat synthesis (for obese)

A

low calorie for obese

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5
Q

liver diseases

inflammation of the liver caused by alcohol, infection, parasites, drugs, and some supplements

A

hepatitis

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6
Q

liver diseases

symptoms of this disease are: jaundice, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain or discomfort

A

hepatitis

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7
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver medical mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to arrest infection

A

drugs

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8
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to replenish losses

A

IVF

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9
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to provide energy

A

high kcal

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10
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to regenerate liver cells at early stage

A

high protein

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11
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein

A

high carbohydrate

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12
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: if there is steatorrhea

A

low fat, medium chain triglycerides (MCT)

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13
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: poor absorption due to law fat diets and poor storage

A

A, D, E, K supplementation

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14
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: inability to store iron

A

fe supplementation

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15
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for energy metabolism

A

vitamin b-complex supplementation

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16
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for replacement of losses, faster wound healing

A

vitamin and mineral supplemetation

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17
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: in case of ascites

A

low sodium

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18
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for better tolerance

A

small frequent feeding; progressive diet from clear to normal

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19
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to synthesize lipotropic factors

A

high protein

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20
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein (for underweight)

A

high kcal

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21
Q

liver diseases

fatty liver dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to control fat synthesis (for obese)

A

low calorie

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22
Q

liver diseases

is the chronic inflammation of the liver replaced with fibrous tissues

A

cirrhosis

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23
Q

cirrhosis complications

is increased blood pressure due to obstructed blood flow to the liver

A

portal hypertension

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24
Q

cirrhosis complications

accumulation of fluids in the abdominal cavity

A

ascites

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25
Q

cirrhosis complications

pertain to the distended blood vessels due to ibstruction

A

esophageal varices

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26
Q

cirrhosis complications

refers to blood vessels that develop when the blood flow to the liver is obstructed

A

collateral formation

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27
Q

cirrhosis complications

refers to elevated ammonia in the blood

A

hyperammonemia

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28
Q

liver diseases

etiology of this disease are: alcohol consumption, biliary stasis, and toxins

A

cirrhosis

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29
Q

cirrhosis - types

complication of hepatitis

A

postnecrotic

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30
Q

cirrhosis - types

if induced by alcohol

A

laenec’s

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31
Q

cirrhosis - types

diseases of the bile duct

A

biliary cirrhosis

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32
Q

cirrhosis - types

obstructions of the bile duct

A

obstructive cirrhosis

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33
Q

cirrhosis - types

complication of heart failure

A

cardiac cirrhosis

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34
Q

cirrhosis - types

exposure to chemicals, poisons

A

toxic

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35
Q

cirrhosis - types

wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis

A

inborn erroes or matabolic

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36
Q

cirrhosis - types

when causes are unknown

A

idiopathic

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37
Q

liver disease - hepatic coma

the combined symptoms of renal and liver failure, may develop as a result of severe cirrhosis

A

hepatorenal syndrome

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38
Q

liver disease

also called portal systemic encelopathy

liver malfunction characterized by confusion, apathy, and neurological dysfunction; fecal odor of breath, flapping tremor (allows muscles to flap like wings), anemia, and hepatorenal syndrome

A

hepatic coma

39
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to provide energy

A

high kcal

40
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent nitrogen retention

A

low protein

41
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to spare protein

A

high carbohydrate

42
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: if there is steatorrhea, for better absorption

A

low fat, mct

43
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent water retention

A

low sodium, fluid restricted

44
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent irritation

A

low fiber

45
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent irritation of the varices

A

liquid diet

46
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: inability to store iron

A

iron supplementation

47
Q

liver diseases

liver cirrhosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for better tolerance

A

small frequent feeding and progressive diet from lear to normal

48
Q

liver diseases

etiology of this disease is liver damage marked by accumulation of ammonia in blood due to inability of the liver to concert ammonia to urea

A

hepatic coma

49
Q

liver diseases

calcium, magnesium, and vitamin d deficiencies need to be controlled because of steatorrhea, albumin losses, and inability to release vitamin d for activation

zinc losses are also associated with liver damage

A

-

50
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to provide energy

A

high kcal

51
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent accumulation of nitrogenous wastes

A

zero to low protein

52
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: for adequate nutrition

A

liberal vitamins and minerals

53
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: when oral feeding is not possible

A

tube feeding

54
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: not catabolized in the liver

A

branched chain amino acids

55
Q

liver diseases

hepatic coma dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: hypokalemia increases renal vein ammonia due to increased renal ammonia production and increased back diffusion of ammonia from alkaline urine

A

parenteral or oral potassium - 100 to 200 mEq if renal function is normal

56
Q

diseases of the pancreas

inflammation of the pancreatic tissues due to inadequate supply of blood or obstruction to the flow of pancreatic juice

A

pancreatitis

57
Q

diseases of the pancreas

etiology of this disease are: alcohol consumption, biliary obstruction, and inflammation

A

pancreatitis

58
Q

diseases of the pancreas

symptoms of this disease are: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention

A

pancreatitis

59
Q

pancreas diseases

pancreatitis medical management
diet: ?

rationale:

A

use of anti-infective drugs and surgery

60
Q

pancreas diseases

pancreatitis dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent irritation

A

NPO

61
Q

pancreas diseases

pancreatitis dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: failure of the pancreas to release digestive juices

A

enzyme replacements

62
Q

pancreas diseases

pancreatitis dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: in cases of bile obstruction

A

low fat

63
Q

pancreas diseases

pancreatitis dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent irritation

A

avoid stimulants

64
Q

pancreas disease

rare genetic disease

refers to the accumulation of mucus in the bronchi, pancreas, liver, and intestines. causing damage and malfunctions of the organs and biliary cirrhosis

A

cystic fibrosis

65
Q

pancreas disease

characteristics of this disease are circulatory collapse, excessive perspiratory losses, biliary cirrhosis, pulmonary damage, intestinal obstruction, salt depletion

A

cystic fibrosis

66
Q

pancreas disease

cystic fibrosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to meet nutrient requirements

A

high kcal, high protein

67
Q

pancreas disease

cystic fibrosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to favor fat absorption

A

low fat, mct

68
Q

pancreas disease

cystic fibrosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to replace losses

A

vitamin and mineral supplements

69
Q

pancreas disease

cystic fibrosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: to provide deficient enzymes

A

enzyme replacement and pancreatin replacement

70
Q

pancreas disease

cystic fibrosis dietary mangement
diet: ?

rationale: may be necessary for electrolyte replacement

A

na or salt supplements

71
Q

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

inflammation of the gall bladder

A

cholecystitis

72
Q

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

73
Q

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

presence of one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholecystolithiasis

74
Q

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

occurrence of stone in the biliary tree (cystic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct)

A

choledocholithiasis

75
Q

etiology of this disease are: infection, overweight, pregnancy, constipation, law gall bladder movement, drug (hypercholesterolemic) use and hemolytic disorders

A

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

76
Q

characteristic of this disease are: epigastric pain radiating to the shoulder, impaired fat digestion, jaundice, abdominal distention, fever

A

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

77
Q

inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

medical treatment to dissolve stones

A

surgery and drugs

78
Q

gallbladder diseases - inflammation of gallbladder/gall stone

_____ is inversely related to gall bladder stones in males

A

ascorbic acid

79
Q

gallbladder disease

inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to rest inflamed gallbladder, prevent, and correct dehydration

A

NPO, IVF

80
Q

gallbladder disease

inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: for better tolerance

A

progressive diets

81
Q

gallbladder disease

inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to alleviate pain

A

low fat

82
Q

gallbladder disease

inflammation of the gallbladder/gallstone dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to prevent cholesterol secretion and bile excretion (for obese)

A

low calorie

83
Q

gallbladder disease

refers to the abnormal bile flow due to increased (spastic) or decreased contraction of the gall bladder (atonic)

A

biliary diskynesia

84
Q

gallbladder disease

biliary dyskinesia dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to rest the rogan (for spastic)

A

low fat

85
Q

gallbladder disease

biliary dyskinesia dietary management
diet: ?

rationale: to stimulate bile acid secretion (for atonic)

A

high fat

86
Q

gallbladder disease

pertains to the yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin due to overflow of bile into general circulation

A

gastric jaundice

87
Q

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types

liver impairment

A

hepatic liver

88
Q

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types

rapid breakdown of bilirubin

A

hemolytic

89
Q

gallbladder disease - gastric jaundice types

impaired excretion

A

obstructive

90
Q

gallbladder disease

gastric jaundice - dietary management

if infectious

A

high protein, adequate kcal (maintain dbw), low fat

91
Q

gallbladder disease

gastric jaundice - dietary management

if obstructive

A

same as cholelithiasis

92
Q

gallbladder disease

gastric jaundice - dietary management

if hemolytic

A

vitamin e supplementation

93
Q

gallbladder disease

gastric jaundice - dietary management

for hemolysis

A

eliminate causes

NBCD (89 decks)

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