Chapter 26: MNT in Pulmonary Diseases

Question 1

this disease and some other medical problems may disturb the normal process of gas exchange between the air and blood, leading to respiratory stress

Answer 1

pumonary diseases

Question 2

a condition characterized by inadequate oxygen and excessive c02 in the blood and tissues

Answer 2

respiratory stress

Question 3

may have adverse effect on lung structure, elasticity, and function; respiratory muscle mass, strength, and endurance; lung immune defense mechanisms; and control of breathing

Answer 3

malnutrition

Question 4

effect of pulmonary disease on nutritional status

-increased energy expenditure
-reduced intake

-difficulty preparing food due to fatigue
-lack of financial resources
-impaired feeding skills (for infants and children)
-altered metabolism

Answer 4

-

Question 5

respiratory stress may lead to weight loss and malnutrition due to the following:

-restricted food intake due to disturbed breathing pattern, which is a result of excessive co2 production
-increases energy needs due to labored breathing;
-muscle wasting caused by reduced PA

Answer 5

-

Question 6

asthma

a chronic disorder that affects the airways

Answer 6

asthma

Question 7

asthma - treatment

-address dietary triggers
-correct energy and nutrient deficiencies and excesses in the diet
-educate the patient on a personalized diet that provides optimal levels of nutrients
-monitor growth in children (higher BMI = high risk developing asthma)
-watch for food-drug interaction

Answer 7

-

Question 8

a progressive lung disease characterized by the persistent obstruction of airflow thru the lungs

Answer 8

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

Question 9

the term copd encompasses both _____ (2)

Answer 9

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 10

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

characterized by persistent inflammation and excessive secretions of mucus in the main airways of the lungs

Answer 10

chronic bronchitis

Question 11

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

characterized by the breakdown of the lungs’ elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the bronchioles and alveoli

Answer 11

emphysema

Question 12

chronic bronchitis and emphysema coexist and are usually irreversible

Answer 12

-

Question 13

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

is classified according to the (GOLD)

Answer 13

global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease

Question 14

characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity, reversible airflow obstruction, and airway remodeling

Answer 14

asthma

Question 15

symptoms: periodic episodes of chest tightness, breathlessness, and wheezing

Answer 15

asthma

Question 16

classification of airflow limitation severity in COPD (based on post-bronchodilator FEV1) in patients with FEV1, I FVC <0.70

Classification: ?
Description: Mild
Spirometry Results: FEV1, >80% predicted

Answer 16

GOLD 1

Question 17

classification of airflow limitation severity in COPD (based on post-bronchodilator FEV1) in patients with FEV1, I FVC <0.70

Classification: ?
Description: Moderate
Spirometry Results: 50% <FEV1, <80% predicted

Answer 17

GOLD 2

Question 18

classification of airflow limitation severity in COPD (based on post-bronchodilator FEV1) in patients with FEV1, I FVC <0.70

Classification: ?
Description: Severe
Spirometry Results: 30% <FEV1, <50% predicted

Answer 18

GOLD 3

Question 19

classification of airflow limitation severity in COPD (based on post-bronchodilator FEV1) in patients with FEV1, I FVC <0.70

Classification: ?
Description: very severe
Spirometry Results: FEV1, <30% predicted

Answer 19

GOLD 4

Question 20

FEV1 meaning

Answer 20

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Question 21

FVC meaning

Answer 21

forced vital capacity

Question 22

copd - dietary intervention

ensure adequate nutrition by providing:
-enough calories for energy expenditure
-enough protein to maintain tissue synthesis

Answer 22

-

Question 23

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: to preserve body weight, lean body mass, and general well-being

Answer 23

adequate kcal, 20-25 kcal/day

Question 24

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: to avoid swallowing of too much air

Answer 24

small frequent feeding - consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance

Question 25

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: 45-50% Low RQ (RQ = 0.7)

Answer 25

high fat, unless contraindicated

Question 26

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: prevent wasting (RQ = 0.8)

Answer 26

adequate chon, 15%

Question 27

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: high respiratory quotient

Answer 27

cho, 30-35%

Question 28

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: to decrease pulmonary pressure

Answer 28

Na controlled

Question 29

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: prevent distention

Answer 29

avoid gas forming foods

Question 30

copd - dietary intervention

diet: ?
rationale: correct deficiencies if there is vomiting and sputum production

Answer 30

supplements, vitamins, and minerals