Chapter 31: MNT in Nutritional Anemia Flashcards
means too little blood
refers to any condition characterized by reduction in the size of number of the red blood cells (RBCs), the quantity of hemoglobin, or both resulting in decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen
anemia
caused by the deficiency of nutrients necessary in the formation of the blood; iron, protein, folic acid, vitamin b12, and vitamin c are the major nutrients essential in blood formation
nutritional anemia
classification - cell size
large cell
marocytic
classification - cell size
normal cell
normocytic
classification - cell size
small cell
microcytic
classification - hemoglobin content
pale color
hypochromic
classification - hemoglobin content
normal color
normochromic
refers to small pale
microcytic, hypochromic anemia
pertains to large, immature, and nucleated RBCs, which is clinically manifested by glossitis
megaloblastic anemia
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
large immature, nucleated RBCs with same clinical symptoms of megaloblastic anemia including neuropathy
pernicious anemia
small, pale RBCs but with normal hemoglobin levels
sideroblastic anemia
pertains to anemia induced by easy damage of RBCs
hemolytic anemia
refers to anemia induced by poor blood clotting or hemorrhage
hemorrhagic anemia
occurs when iron can not be released even in the presence of normal iron stores because of lack of ceruloplasmin to mobilize iron from its storage site
copper-deficiency anemia
malnutrition occurs because protein is essential for the proper production of hemoglobin and red blood cells
anemia of protein-energy
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: microcytic, hypochromic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: for hemoglobin synthesis
iron
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: microcytic, hypochromic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: needed for the utilization of iron
copper
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: microcytic, hypochromic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: needed for the conversion of iron
vitamin c
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: microcytic, hypochromic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: needed for hemoglobin synthesis
protein
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: megaloblastic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: for maturation of RBC
folic acid
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: megaloblastic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: for folic acid metabolism
vitamin c
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: pernicious anemia
diet: ?
rationale: for maturation of the rbc
vitamin b12
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: pernicious anemia
diet: ?
rationale: -
cobalt
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: sideroblastic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: -
vitamin b6
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: hemolytic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: protects the integrity of the RBCs
vitamin e
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: hemorrhagic anemia
diet: ?
rationale: for synthesis of clotting factors
vitamin k, ca
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: copper-deficiency anemia
diet: ?
rationale: -
food rich in copper
nut. anemia - dietary mgmt
case: anemia of protein-energy
diet: ?
rationale: -
vitamin b6
sequential stage of iron status - iron excess
stage 1
positive iron balance
sequential stage of iron status - iron excess
stage 2
iron overload
sequential stage of iron status - iron insufficiency (depletion)
stage 1
early negative iron balance
sequential stage of iron status - iron insufficiency (depletion)
stage 2
iron depletion
sequential stage of iron status - iron insufficiency (deficiency)
stage 3
damaged metabolism: iron-deficient erythropoiesis
sequential stage of iron status - iron insufficiency (deficiency)
stage 4
clinical damage: iron deficiency anemia