Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBCD > Chapter 16: Nutrition Support > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Nutrition Support Flashcards

1
Q

the delivery of formulated enteral or parenteral nutrients to appropriate patients for the purpose of maintaining or restoring nutritional status

A

nutrition support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 modes of nutrition support employed by practitioners for the nutritional care of a patient

A

enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to the provision of nutrients both orally and via tube directly into the git

A

enteral nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

administer if preferred mode is:
-oral feeding, normal route og ingesting nutrients
-individual is not able to eat the adequate amounts required by the body either due to oral and swallowing problems, or a very high nutritional requirements

A

administering enteral feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in administering tube feeding (enteral nutrition), these are important consideration (3)

A

-functioning git
-length of feeding
-presence or risk of aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patients with functional git but unable to orally ingest adequate nutrients to meet nutritional requirements can benefit from tube feeding

A

enteral feeing/tube feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

indications for enteral feeding

_____ with inadequate oral intake of nutrients for the previous 5 days or normal nutritional status but with inadequate oral intake for the previous 7-10 days

A

protein-calorie-malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as comatose state, CVA, and parkinson’s disease

A

central nervous system disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as crohn’s disease, gastroparesis, short bowel syndrome, and chronic pancreatitis

A

git diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as severe depression and anorexia nervosa

A

psychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

indication when nutritional requirements are still not met through oral nutrition supplements or tube feeding

A

parenteral nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

enteral nutrition preferred over parenteral nutrition because it is _____ (3)

A

safer, economical, and maintains gut structure and integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tube feeding routes of access depends on consideration upon assessment

nasogastric/nasoduodenal/nasojejunal, jejunostomy or percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy, or multiple lumen tubes

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

contraindications to enteral feeding

A

-complete intestinal or colonic obstruction
-intractable vomiting
-active git bleeding and shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

enteral nutrition formulas

are often classified to their (2)

A

protein content
overall macronutrient content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

enteral nutrition formulas

composed of chon, cho, and fat in high molecular weight form and therefore have lower osmolality

formula require normal digestive and lipolytic activity

A

polymeric formula (nutritionally complete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enteral nutrition formulas

have a low residue and use free amino acids or peptides as a protein source

oligosaccharides or monosaccharides provide the cho source and most contain medium as well as long chain triglycerides

A

elemental formula (chemically defined)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

enteral nutrition formulas

not nutritionally complete because they contain single nutrients, such as cho, fat, or chon

can be added to standard enteral products

A

modular formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

enteral nutrition formulas

available for use in patients with a variety of clinical conditions including renal, respiratory, hepatic insufficiency, diabetes, immunocompromised states, and fat or cho malabsorption

A

specialty/disease-specific formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tube feedings could also be prepared by liquefying regular foods that are selected from the soft diet using a blender

A

blenderized tube feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

advantages of this type of feeding:
-cost effectiveness
-health benefits from using whole foods
-ability to tailor the formula exactly to patient needs

A

blenderized tube feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

btf are contraindicated for patients who are immunocompromised, for infusion tubes smaller than _____, for continuous feeding (unless formula hangs for less than 2 hrs)

A

10 french

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

btf

if fluid restriction of less than _____ is requires, in cases of multiple food allergies, and if a jejunostomy tube (jt) is used

A

900 ml/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

enteral feeding for acute pancreatitis requires

A

very low fat-containing formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

btf considerations

may have a direct effect on git side effects and therapy tolerance to enteral therapy

A

formula osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

btf considerations

mineral contents of the formula (4)

A

Mg, Na, P, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

fluid requirements

recommended daily water requirement in the absence of hepatic, renal, or cardiac disease is _____

A

1ml/kcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

most 1 ml/kcal formulas contain approx. _____ of water

patients w/o fluid restriction should receive additional free water to at least 25% of the total formula volume which can be a

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

most 1 ml/kcal formulas contain approx. 75% of water

patients w/o fluid restriction should receive additional free water to at least 25% of the total formula volume which can be administered into _____ or _____ separate doses

A

2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

an ideal formula is

A

isotonic

31
Q

isotonic: ideal formula (ideal nutrient density)

for adults

A

1 kcal per 1 ml

32
Q

isotonic: ideal formula (ideal nutrient density)

for infants

A

2/3 kcal per 1 ml

33
Q

fluid requirements

the more _____ the formula, the higher the osmolality

A

concentrated

34
Q

fluid requirements

is the size and number of the nutrient particles in a solution

A

osmolality

35
Q

fluid requirements

ideal enteral formula should be characterized by their (2)

A

bacteriological safety; ease of administration

36
Q

necessary to detect and prevent complications

A

monitoring

37
Q

monitoring

make sure that the patients head and neck are elevated at _____ degrees always and for 1 hour after feeding to prevent aspiration

A

30-45

38
Q

enteral feeding - complications

when there is obstruction of tube lumen or tube displacement

A

mechanical

39
Q

enteral feeding - complications

when there is esophagitis or ulceration

A

esophageal complications

40
Q

enteral feeding - complications

caused by nasal erosions and sloughing of nasal cartilage due to excessive pressure on the nasal cartilage

A

nasopharyngeal complications

41
Q

enteral feeding - complications

sudden nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea which may be due to improper formula temperature, irregular or too rapid administration of formula, or bacterial contamination

A

gastrointestinal complications

42
Q

enteral feeding - complications

in cases of hypernatremia, hyponatermia, hypercalcemia, and azotemia, which may be prevented by proper monitoring and fluid intake

A

metabolic complications

43
Q

modes and rates of feeding

the rapid delivery by syringe of 240-400 ml of formula every 4-6 hrs

simulates normal food intake in terms of gallbladder motility

A

bolus feeding

44
Q

modes and rates of feeding

involves provision of 100-400 ml of enteral formula with an interval of 2-4 hrs

can be sued if there has been no history of malabsorption

A

timed intermittent

45
Q

modes and rates of feeding

requires infusion of the formula using a pump or gravity drip over a period of 16-24 hrs

A

continuous drip

46
Q

modes and rates of feeding

infuses the formula for 8-16 hrs, usually overnight, using an infusion pump

A

cyclic administration

47
Q

the delivery of nutrients directly into the blood stream

A

parenteral nutrition

48
Q

it is also called intravenous (IV) nutrition, or total parenteral nutrition (TPN), given to patients w/o a functional GIT

given when the condition is expected to continue on a minimum of 7 days

A

parenteral nutrition

49
Q

TPN meaning

A

total parenteral nutrition

50
Q

TPN - indications

-intractable vomiting (acute pancreatitis)
-severe diarrhea of >_____ ml/day stool, or malabsorption such as in the case of severe acute flare of the inflammatory bowel disease, radiation enteritis with weight loss
-severe trauma or major abdominal surgery
-small bowel or colon obstruction

A

500 ml/day

51
Q

TPN - contraindications

_____ unstable patients including those with hypovolemia, cardiogenic, or septic shock

A

hemodynamically

52
Q

TPN - contraindications

patients with severe _____ or fluid overload

A

pulmonary edema

53
Q

TPN - contraindications

patients with _____ w/o dialysis

A

anuria

54
Q

TPN solution - components

fluid volume: fluid intake about about _____ liters per day and should not exceed 4 liters

A

2-3 liters

55
Q

TPN solution - components

cho: are given as dextrose or _____

A

glucose monohydrate

56
Q

TPN solution - components

cho: are given as dextrose or glucose monohydrate which yields _____ kcal/g

A

3.4 kcal

57
Q

TPN solution - components

chon: comes in the form of _____ amino acids available in concentrations of 8.5-15%, although other concentrations can be provided as indicated

the amino acids is diluted with the appropriate amount of dextrose to achieve a desired concentration

A

crystalline amino acids

58
Q

TPN solution - components

lipid emulsions: are _____ and are a valuable caloric source if peripheral parenteral nutrition is used

come in 10% and 20% emulsions of soybeans or safflower oil, may be available in 100, 200, 250, and 500 ml bottles

A

isotonic

59
Q

TPN solution - components

electrolytes: _____ content must be adjusted according to serum electrolyte concentration

if possible, electrolyte imbalances should be corrected before initiating parenteral nutrition

A

parenteral electrolyte

60
Q

TPN solution - components

vitamins and minerals: multivitamins, except vitamin _____, are provided in concentrated formulations based on standard recommendations

some minerals may be supplied using proper dose calculations

A

vitamin k

61
Q

TPN solution - components

additives: such as _____ and _____ are used only when necessary

A

insulin and heparin

62
Q

TPN nutrition - administration

the site of parenteral infusion of nutrients depends on the (3)

A

caloric level and source, fluid tolerance, and vascular access

63
Q

TPN nutrition - administration

are delivered thru a peripheral IV catheter inserted into a small diameter peripheral vein

A

simple iv infusions

64
Q

TPN nutrition - administration

is used for patients with mild nutritional deficiencies; uses the small diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs

A

peripheral parenteral nutrition

65
Q

TPN nutrition - administration

peripheral parenteral nutrition: _____ are commonly used to provide short-term nutrition, usually 1-2 weeks

A

lipid emulsions

66
Q

TPN nutrition - administration

refers to the infusion of concentrated solutions delivered thru the central veins for a longer period

A

central parenteral nutrition

67
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

refers to the presence of air in the chest

A

pneumothorax

68
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

is the presence of the disease-causing microorganisms in the blood

A

sepsis

69
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

presence of air in the tube or in the blood vessel that obstructs the parenteral flow

A

air embolism

70
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

pertains to the presence of blood in the chest

A

hemothorax

71
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

_____ deficiency’s symptoms include: failure to grow, dermal problems, and poor immune system

A

essential fatty acids

72
Q

TPN nutrition - complications

characterized by an increase or a decrease of nutrients in the blood

A

metabolic imbalance

73
Q

aggressive administration of nutrition, particularly via the intravenous route, can precipitate _____ with severe, potentially lethal electrolyte fluctuations involving metabolic, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular problems

A

refeeding syndrome

NBCD (89 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions