Chapter 16: Nutrition Support

Question 1

the delivery of formulated enteral or parenteral nutrients to appropriate patients for the purpose of maintaining or restoring nutritional status

Answer 1

nutrition support

Question 2

2 modes of nutrition support employed by practitioners for the nutritional care of a patient

Answer 2

enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition

Question 3

refers to the provision of nutrients both orally and via tube directly into the git

Answer 3

enteral nutrition

Question 4

administer if preferred mode is:
-oral feeding, normal route og ingesting nutrients
-individual is not able to eat the adequate amounts required by the body either due to oral and swallowing problems, or a very high nutritional requirements

Answer 4

administering enteral feeding

Question 5

in administering tube feeding (enteral nutrition), these are important consideration (3)

Answer 5

-functioning git
-length of feeding
-presence or risk of aspiration

Question 6

patients with functional git but unable to orally ingest adequate nutrients to meet nutritional requirements can benefit from tube feeding

Answer 6

enteral feeing/tube feeding

Question 7

indications for enteral feeding

_____ with inadequate oral intake of nutrients for the previous 5 days or normal nutritional status but with inadequate oral intake for the previous 7-10 days

Answer 7

protein-calorie-malnutrition

Question 8

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as comatose state, CVA, and parkinson’s disease

Answer 8

central nervous system disorders

Question 9

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as crohn’s disease, gastroparesis, short bowel syndrome, and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 9

git diseases

Question 10

indications for enteral feeding

_____, such as severe depression and anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

psychiatric disorders

Question 11

indication when nutritional requirements are still not met through oral nutrition supplements or tube feeding

Answer 11

parenteral nutrition

Question 12

enteral nutrition preferred over parenteral nutrition because it is _____ (3)

Answer 12

safer, economical, and maintains gut structure and integrity

Question 13

tube feeding routes of access depends on consideration upon assessment

nasogastric/nasoduodenal/nasojejunal, jejunostomy or percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy, or multiple lumen tubes

Answer 13

-

Question 14

contraindications to enteral feeding

Answer 14

-complete intestinal or colonic obstruction
-intractable vomiting
-active git bleeding and shock

Question 15

enteral nutrition formulas

are often classified to their (2)

Answer 15

protein content
overall macronutrient content

Question 16

enteral nutrition formulas

composed of chon, cho, and fat in high molecular weight form and therefore have lower osmolality

formula require normal digestive and lipolytic activity

Answer 16

polymeric formula (nutritionally complete)

Question 17

enteral nutrition formulas

have a low residue and use free amino acids or peptides as a protein source

oligosaccharides or monosaccharides provide the cho source and most contain medium as well as long chain triglycerides

Answer 17

elemental formula (chemically defined)

Question 18

enteral nutrition formulas

not nutritionally complete because they contain single nutrients, such as cho, fat, or chon

can be added to standard enteral products

Answer 18

modular formula

Question 19

enteral nutrition formulas

available for use in patients with a variety of clinical conditions including renal, respiratory, hepatic insufficiency, diabetes, immunocompromised states, and fat or cho malabsorption

Answer 19

specialty/disease-specific formula

Question 20

tube feedings could also be prepared by liquefying regular foods that are selected from the soft diet using a blender

Answer 20

blenderized tube feeding

Question 21

advantages of this type of feeding:
-cost effectiveness
-health benefits from using whole foods
-ability to tailor the formula exactly to patient needs

Answer 21

blenderized tube feeding

Question 22

btf are contraindicated for patients who are immunocompromised, for infusion tubes smaller than _____, for continuous feeding (unless formula hangs for less than 2 hrs)

Answer 22

10 french

Question 23

btf

if fluid restriction of less than _____ is requires, in cases of multiple food allergies, and if a jejunostomy tube (jt) is used

Answer 23

900 ml/day

Question 24

enteral feeding for acute pancreatitis requires

Answer 24

very low fat-containing formula

Question 25

btf considerations

may have a direct effect on git side effects and therapy tolerance to enteral therapy

Answer 25

formula osmolality

Question 26

btf considerations

mineral contents of the formula (4)

Answer 26

Mg, Na, P, K

Question 27

fluid requirements

recommended daily water requirement in the absence of hepatic, renal, or cardiac disease is _____

Answer 27

1ml/kcal

Question 28

most 1 ml/kcal formulas contain approx. _____ of water

patients w/o fluid restriction should receive additional free water to at least 25% of the total formula volume which can be a

Answer 28

75%

Question 29

most 1 ml/kcal formulas contain approx. 75% of water

patients w/o fluid restriction should receive additional free water to at least 25% of the total formula volume which can be administered into _____ or _____ separate doses

Answer 29

2-3

Question 30

an ideal formula is

Answer 30

isotonic

Question 31

isotonic: ideal formula (ideal nutrient density)

for adults

Answer 31

1 kcal per 1 ml

Question 32

isotonic: ideal formula (ideal nutrient density)

for infants

Answer 32

2/3 kcal per 1 ml

Question 33

fluid requirements

the more _____ the formula, the higher the osmolality

Answer 33

concentrated

Question 34

fluid requirements

is the size and number of the nutrient particles in a solution

Answer 34

osmolality

Question 35

fluid requirements

ideal enteral formula should be characterized by their (2)

Answer 35

bacteriological safety; ease of administration