Chapter 10: Macromineral (Magnesium)

Question 1

half of the body’s magnesium is in the _____ and _____

Answer 1

bones and teeth

Question 2

half of the body’s magnesium is in the bones and teeth, the rest is found in the _____

Answer 2

muscles

Question 3

1% is found in the _____

Answer 3

extracellular fluids

Question 4

magnesium - function

involved in _____

Answer 4

bone mineralization

Question 5

magnesium - function

_____ is needed for the activation of thiokinases used in fatty acid oxidation as well as amino acid synthesis

Answer 5

atp metabolism

Question 6

magnesium - function

synthesis of dna/rna, proteins, fats, and glucose and cells’ transport systems

Answer 6

-

Question 7

magnesium - function

muscle contraction, clotting, immune function, nerve transmission of impulses, maintenance of cell membrane and neuromuscular tranmission

Answer 7

magnesium

Question 8

magnesium - function

prevents _____

Answer 8

dental carries

Question 9

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

absorption of mg from food ranges from 20-70%

Answer 9

-

Question 10

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

absorption occurs by _____ at low concentrations

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

absorption occurs by _____ at high concentrations

Answer 11

passive transport

Question 12

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

absorption site of magnesium (2)

Answer 12

jejunum and ileum

Question 13

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

transported by specific carrier and _____ -sensitive transport system

Answer 13

vitamin d

Question 14

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

rate of absorption is decreased by the same factors that affect calcium

consuming large amounts of (2)

Answer 14

phytates or oxalates

Question 15

magnesium - absorption and metabolism

absorption is influenced by _____

Answer 15

pth

Question 16

magnesium - recommended intake

for adults (19 - >70 y/o) males

Answer 16

240 mg

Question 17

magnesium - recommended intake

for adults (19 - >70 y/o) females

Answer 17

210 mg

Question 18

magnesium - recommended intake

for pregnant

Answer 18

+0

Question 19

magnesium - recommended intake

for lactating

Answer 19

+50

Question 20

magnesium - recommended intake

based on a _____ mg/kg body wt/day for adults to achieve a positive magnesium balance

Answer 20

4 mg

Question 21

magnesium - deficiency

symptoms associated with low plasma Mg levels; irritability, nervousness, and convulsions due to overstimulated nerves and increased muscular contractions

Answer 21

low magnesium tetany

Question 22

magnesium - deficiency

results in (2)

Answer 22

hypocalcemia and hypokalemia

Question 23

magnesium - deficiency

affects gi, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and hematologic systems

dysphagia, anemia, cardiac arrhythmias, tremors, weakness, failure to thrive, and psychiatric disturbances may be present

Answer 23

-

Question 24

magnesium - deficiency

Mg deficiency _____ occurs because of the efficiency in which the kidneys reabsorb the mineral

Answer 24

rarely

Question 25

organ that reabsorbs magnesium that results to less deficiency of the mineral

Answer 25

kidney

Question 26

magnesium - conditions and populations with increased risk of deficiency

vomiting, diarrhea, alcoholism, protein malnutrition, diuretic use, malabsorption, diabetes, parathyroid disease, stress, post-surgical patients

Answer 26

-

Question 27

magnesium - toxicity

patients with _____ receiving high doses of magnesium due to the decreased ability to metabolize and excrete magnesium

Answer 27

renal failure

Question 28

magnesium - toxicity

nausea, vomiting, flushing may manifest

severe causes: paralysis, cardiac arrest, death

Answer 28

mg toxicity

Question 29

magnesium - interrelationship with other nutrients

mg is antagonistic to _____ (competes with absorption)

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

magnesium - interrelationship with other nutrients

mg can influence the balance between _____ and _____ K

the mechanism of action is still unclear

Answer 30

intracellular and extracellular

Question 31

magnesium - food sources

found in fruits, legumes, whole grains, dark green leafy vegetables, seafood, chocolate, cocoa

Answer 31

magnesium sources