Chapter 7: Lipid - Metabolic Reactions (Fatty Acid Oxidation)

Question 1

refers to the successive removal of 2 carbon fragments from the fatty acid in the form of acetyl coa at the carbonyl end

Answer 1

fatty acid oxidation (b-oxidation)

Question 2

fatty acids taken up into cells that will carry out their oxidation are not direct substrates for this process, they must be converted into _____

Answer 2

coa derivatives (acetyl coa)

Question 3

this reaction occurs in the _____, is catalyzed by acylcoa synthase and requires atp, which is converted into amp and inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi)

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

this activation of fatty acid facilitates its transfer into the _____ where it undergoes b-oxidation

Answer 4

mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

fatty acid metabolism process involved

1. formation of carbon-carbon double bond catalyzed by _____, an enzyme of the inner membrane that has FAD as its prosthetic group

Answer 5

acylcoa dehydrogenase

Question 6

fatty acid metabolism process involved

1. hydration of the newly formed double bond, catalyzed by enoylCoA hydratase, gives rise to a 3-hydroxycacylcoa derivative, which acts as a _____ for the second dehydrogenase

Answer 6

substrate

Question 7

fatty acid metabolism process involved

2. the enzyme, _____ catalyzes the oxidation of the hydroxyl- to an oxogroup using NAD+ as the acceptor for the hydrogens removed

Answer 7

3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase

Question 8

fatty acid metabolism process involved

2. the 3-oxoacylcoa derivative undergoes _____ in the presence of coa to give rise to acetylcoa and acylcoa with 2 fewer carbon atoms than the original fatty acid (usually 14 and 16 carbon atoms)

Answer 8

cleavage

Question 9

fatty acid metabolism process involved

2. this molecule is now able to undergo the same series of reactions again to give rise to another molecule of acetylcoa until the penultimate product of the whole 3-oxobutyrylcoa 9 (aka acetoacetylcoa) is produced

Answer 9

-

Question 10

fatty acid metabolism process involved

2. this molecule has _____ of the original carbon atoms of the parent reaction catalyzed by 3-oxothiolase, 2 molecules of acetylcoa are produced

Answer 10

4

Question 11

fatty acid oxidation tissue/organ involved

Answer 11

muscle

Question 12

fatty acid oxidation cell site reaction

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

fatty acid oxidation starting material

Answer 13

fatty acid

Question 14

fatty acid oxidation final product

Answer 14

acetyl coa

Question 15

fatty acid oxidation summary of reaction

a. first step is activation of fatty acid by forming into ____ by combining with coASH

Answer 15

acylcoa thioester

Question 16

fatty acid oxidation summary of reaction

b. acyl group is transesterified from coASH to carnitine via _____, translocated along the inner mitochondrial membrane and reversely converted to fatty acylcoa again

Answer 16

carnitine acyltransferase

Question 17

4 consecutive steps involved:

dehydorgenation
hydration
second dehydrogenation
cleavage, produces acetylcoa, leaving the fatty acid with 2 carbon less of its original number of carbon atoms

Answer 17

-

Question 18

fatty acid oxidation activator

_____ enables the tissues to use fatty acids as a source of energy

Answer 18

prolonged fasting

Question 19

fatty acid oxidation

activated by the enzyme _____, which converts fatty acid to fatty acylcoa

Answer 19

acylcoa synthase

Question 20

fatty acid oxidation regulator

regulation by _____, which transports the fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix, acetyl coa; low atp prevents pyruvate dehydrogenase, malonyl coa; low atp

Answer 20

acyl carnitine