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NBCD > Chapter 30: MNT in Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 30: MNT in Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that develop into tumors, which may compress, invade, and destroy

A

cancer

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2
Q

pertains to a new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass with no function

aka neoplasm

A

tumor

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3
Q

tumor is also known as

A

neoplasm

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4
Q

means to spread by the movement of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

A

metastasize

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5
Q

describes tumors that stop growing without intervention or can be removed surgically, and most often pose no threat to health

A

benign

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6
Q

describes tumors that multiply out of control, threaten health, and require treatment

A

malignant

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7
Q

factors that cause mutations that give rise to cancer, such as radiation and carcinogens

A

initiators

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8
Q

factors that favor the development of cancers once they have begun

A

promoters

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9
Q

factors that oppose the development of cancers

A

anti-promoters

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10
Q

types of cancers

affects glandular tissues

A

adenoma

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11
Q

types of cancers

affects epithelial cells

A

carcinoma

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12
Q

types of cancers

affect the glial cells of the nervous system

A

gilomas

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13
Q

types of cancers

affects the blood forming cells of the bone marrow

A

leukemia

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14
Q

types of cancers

affects the lymph

A

lymphoma

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15
Q

types of cancers

affects the skin

A

melanoma

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16
Q

types of cancers

arises from the muscle, bone, and connective tissue

A

sarcoma

17
Q

cancer - stages

cancer may be induced by a physical, chemical, or viral agent called _____

A

carcinogen

18
Q

cancer - stages

the normal cells are transformed into tumor cells by any of the following: radiation, mutation, chemical carcinogens, epidemiologic factors (sex, age and heredity, hormonal, genetic, and infections)

A

initation

19
Q

cancer - stages

the initiated cells multiply to form a discrete tumor as affected by diet, malnutrition, lack of physical activity, and age

A

promotion

20
Q

cancer - stages

cancer tissue cells multiply and metastasize

A

progression

21
Q

role of diet in cancer

-high-fat diet
-aflatoxins from moldy products
-nitrosamines, nitrates, and nitrites from processed meats
-pyrozylates from broiled, smoked, or charred meats

A

promoters

22
Q

role of diet in cancer

-fruits and vegetables that are rich in phytochemicals
-vitamins (A, C, E) and minerals (Se, Zn) that can prevent the oxidation of cells and formation of free radicals

A

antipromoters

23
Q

cancer effects that affects nutrition

syndrome of weight loss, anorexia, asthenia, and anemia

*increased catabolism
*metabolic abnormalities
*sensory changes

A

cachexia

24
Q

severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease (cancer)

A

cachexia

25
Q

cancer can cause _____ (2)

A

anorexia and wasting

26
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition

-tissue breakdown, urinary losses
-mucositis, cheilosis, stomatitis, esophagitis
-nausea and vomiting
-taste abnormalities
-anorexia and oligophagia
-diarrhea and constipation
-altered digestion and absorption
-depressed immune function

A

chemotherapy

27
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy

sore throat, mucositis, anorexia, altered sensations, and weight loss

A

head and neck

28
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy

esophagitis with dysphagia and esophageal obstruction or stricture

A

thorax

29
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy

acute gastritis, enteritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, severe gastrointestinal damage and malabsorption

A

abdomen and pelvis

30
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery

impaired ingestion, dysphagia

A

head and neck

31
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery

partial or total ablation of esophagus

A

esophagus

32
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery

dumping syndrome, impaired absorption of vitamin b12 and iron

A

gastrectomy

33
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery

altered hormonal secretions

A

pancreatic resection

34
Q

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery

fluid, bile salt, and electrolyte losses

A

colectomy

35
Q

cancer - mgmt

medical (2)

A

appetite enhancers, antiemetic drugs

36
Q

cancer - dietary mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: adjusted according to tolerance

A

high kcal, high chon

37
Q

cancer - dietary mgmt

vitamin and mineral supplements, TPN or tube feeding (if necessary),

A

-

38
Q

cancer - dietary mgmt

diet: ?
rationale: after transplant, give because of immunosuppressive drugs

A

high-calcium, high-kcal, high-chon diets, high vitamin D

NBCD (89 decks)

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