Chapter 30: MNT in Cancer Flashcards
refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that develop into tumors, which may compress, invade, and destroy
cancer
pertains to a new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass with no function
aka neoplasm
tumor
tumor is also known as
neoplasm
means to spread by the movement of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
metastasize
describes tumors that stop growing without intervention or can be removed surgically, and most often pose no threat to health
benign
describes tumors that multiply out of control, threaten health, and require treatment
malignant
factors that cause mutations that give rise to cancer, such as radiation and carcinogens
initiators
factors that favor the development of cancers once they have begun
promoters
factors that oppose the development of cancers
anti-promoters
types of cancers
affects glandular tissues
adenoma
types of cancers
affects epithelial cells
carcinoma
types of cancers
affect the glial cells of the nervous system
gilomas
types of cancers
affects the blood forming cells of the bone marrow
leukemia
types of cancers
affects the lymph
lymphoma
types of cancers
affects the skin
melanoma
types of cancers
arises from the muscle, bone, and connective tissue
sarcoma
cancer - stages
cancer may be induced by a physical, chemical, or viral agent called _____
carcinogen
cancer - stages
the normal cells are transformed into tumor cells by any of the following: radiation, mutation, chemical carcinogens, epidemiologic factors (sex, age and heredity, hormonal, genetic, and infections)
initation
cancer - stages
the initiated cells multiply to form a discrete tumor as affected by diet, malnutrition, lack of physical activity, and age
promotion
cancer - stages
cancer tissue cells multiply and metastasize
progression
role of diet in cancer
-high-fat diet
-aflatoxins from moldy products
-nitrosamines, nitrates, and nitrites from processed meats
-pyrozylates from broiled, smoked, or charred meats
promoters
role of diet in cancer
-fruits and vegetables that are rich in phytochemicals
-vitamins (A, C, E) and minerals (Se, Zn) that can prevent the oxidation of cells and formation of free radicals
antipromoters
cancer effects that affects nutrition
syndrome of weight loss, anorexia, asthenia, and anemia
*increased catabolism
*metabolic abnormalities
*sensory changes
cachexia
severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease (cancer)
cachexia
cancer can cause _____ (2)
anorexia and wasting
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition
-tissue breakdown, urinary losses
-mucositis, cheilosis, stomatitis, esophagitis
-nausea and vomiting
-taste abnormalities
-anorexia and oligophagia
-diarrhea and constipation
-altered digestion and absorption
-depressed immune function
chemotherapy
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy
sore throat, mucositis, anorexia, altered sensations, and weight loss
head and neck
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy
esophagitis with dysphagia and esophageal obstruction or stricture
thorax
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy
acute gastritis, enteritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, severe gastrointestinal damage and malabsorption
abdomen and pelvis
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery
impaired ingestion, dysphagia
head and neck
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery
partial or total ablation of esophagus
esophagus
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery
dumping syndrome, impaired absorption of vitamin b12 and iron
gastrectomy
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery
altered hormonal secretions
pancreatic resection
effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery
fluid, bile salt, and electrolyte losses
colectomy
cancer - mgmt
medical (2)
appetite enhancers, antiemetic drugs
cancer - dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: adjusted according to tolerance
high kcal, high chon
cancer - dietary mgmt
vitamin and mineral supplements, TPN or tube feeding (if necessary),
-
cancer - dietary mgmt
diet: ?
rationale: after transplant, give because of immunosuppressive drugs
high-calcium, high-kcal, high-chon diets, high vitamin D
