Chapter 10: Micromineral (Copper) Flashcards
a cofactor for a wide range of enzymes; an essential element
copper
occurs in the cuprous and cupric form
copper
cu+
cuprous
cupric
cu2+
involved in oxidation-recution reactions
copper
body’s copper content ranges from
5-120 mg
highest concentration of the mineral is in the _____
liver
lesser amounts of the mineral is in the _____ (4)
heart, kidneys, spleen, and brain
copper in the blood and tissues is normally bound to
proteins
copper - functions
essential as an activator of key enzymatic reactions
copper
copper - functions
catalyzed the oxidation of the cytochrome C, a and a3 complex by oxygen in the respiratory chain
cytochrome c oxidase
copper - functions
(a) oxidizes ferrous ions to ferric ions; (b) transports copper to tissue sites; (c) acts as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide ions
ceruloplasmin
copper - functions
toxic oxygen removal
superoxide dismutase
copper - functions
collagen synthesis
lysyl oxidase
copper - functions
neurotransmitter synthesis
dopamine betahydroxylases
copper - functions
melanin synthesis
tyrosine oxidase
copper - absorption and metabolism
about 20-45% of dietary copper is absorbed from all parts of the GI tract, including the _____ (2)
stomach and large intestine
copper - absorption and metabolism
bind with proteins such as _____, which slows down Cu absorption in the blood
metallothionein
copper - absorption and metabolism
removed from the plasma by the _____ from where it is either excreted into the bile or used in the synthesis of ceruloplasmin, the copper-containing enzyme
liver
the copper containing enzyme
ceruloplasmin
copper - absorption and metabolism
released from the liver under the control of the _____
body utilized some of the plasma copper in the synthesis of superoxide dismutase in the bone marrow
adrenal gland
copper - absorption and metabolism
copper is excreted in both the
feces and urine
copper - interrelationship with other nutrients
high intake of _____ or _____ decreases the absorption of copper
iron or vitamin c
copper - interrelationship with other nutrients
decreases copper absorption
zinc
copper - interrelationship with other nutrients
is antagonistic to copper
calcium
copper - interrelationship with other nutrients
copper forms complexes with _____ and _____, decreases copper absorption
molybdenum and sulfur
copper - food sources
liver, shellfish (esp. oysters), nuts, mushrooms, whole grain cereals, and gelatin
common sources of copper
copper - deficiency
copper deficiency results in _____ and _____
hypochromic anemia is indistinguishable from iron-deficiency anemia; suggests that copper is essential for iron metabolism
hypochromic anemia; connective tissue damage
copper - deficiency
copper deficiency is seen among children with _____ and _____
protein deficiency
iron deficiency anemia
copper - deficiency
is also seen _____ (born with low copper reserves) fed modified cow’s milk
premature infants
copper - deficiency
symptoms include
decreased serum copper and anemia, impaired glucose tolerance, poor wound healing, immune defects, central nervous system, and cdv
copper
copper - deficiency
is an inherited disease of copper metabolism
this condition is characterized by low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels
this disease prevents the release of Cu into the general population
menke’s kinky hair syndrome
copper - deficiency
symptoms include abnormal keratinization (resulting in kinky hair), low serum, and liver copper levels, bone and skeletal abnormalities, and. mental deterioration resulting in death
menke’s kinky hair syndrome
copper - toxicity
copper poisoning may occur with the intake of _____ stored in copper containers
acidic beverages
result in tachycardia, hypertension, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, uremia, and death
copper - toxicity
copper - toxicity
a genetic disorder in which excess amounts of copper and deposited in the liver, kidney, cornea, and brain, producing symptoms like tremor, ascites, psychoses
wilson’s disease
