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NBCD > Chapter 10: Micromineral (Copper) > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Micromineral (Copper) Flashcards

1
Q

a cofactor for a wide range of enzymes; an essential element

A

copper

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2
Q

occurs in the cuprous and cupric form

A

copper

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3
Q

cu+

A

cuprous

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4
Q

cupric

A

cu2+

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5
Q

involved in oxidation-recution reactions

A

copper

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6
Q

body’s copper content ranges from

A

5-120 mg

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7
Q

highest concentration of the mineral is in the _____

A

liver

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8
Q

lesser amounts of the mineral is in the _____ (4)

A

heart, kidneys, spleen, and brain

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9
Q

copper in the blood and tissues is normally bound to

A

proteins

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10
Q

copper - functions

essential as an activator of key enzymatic reactions

A

copper

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11
Q

copper - functions

catalyzed the oxidation of the cytochrome C, a and a3 complex by oxygen in the respiratory chain

A

cytochrome c oxidase

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12
Q

copper - functions

(a) oxidizes ferrous ions to ferric ions; (b) transports copper to tissue sites; (c) acts as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide ions

A

ceruloplasmin

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13
Q

copper - functions

toxic oxygen removal

A

superoxide dismutase

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14
Q

copper - functions

collagen synthesis

A

lysyl oxidase

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15
Q

copper - functions

neurotransmitter synthesis

A

dopamine betahydroxylases

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16
Q

copper - functions

melanin synthesis

A

tyrosine oxidase

17
Q

copper - absorption and metabolism

about 20-45% of dietary copper is absorbed from all parts of the GI tract, including the _____ (2)

A

stomach and large intestine

18
Q

copper - absorption and metabolism

bind with proteins such as _____, which slows down Cu absorption in the blood

A

metallothionein

19
Q

copper - absorption and metabolism

removed from the plasma by the _____ from where it is either excreted into the bile or used in the synthesis of ceruloplasmin, the copper-containing enzyme

A

liver

20
Q

the copper containing enzyme

A

ceruloplasmin

21
Q

copper - absorption and metabolism

released from the liver under the control of the _____

body utilized some of the plasma copper in the synthesis of superoxide dismutase in the bone marrow

A

adrenal gland

22
Q

copper - absorption and metabolism

copper is excreted in both the

A

feces and urine

23
Q

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

high intake of _____ or _____ decreases the absorption of copper

A

iron or vitamin c

24
Q

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

decreases copper absorption

A

zinc

25
Q

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

is antagonistic to copper

A

calcium

26
Q

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

copper forms complexes with _____ and _____, decreases copper absorption

A

molybdenum and sulfur

27
Q

copper - food sources

liver, shellfish (esp. oysters), nuts, mushrooms, whole grain cereals, and gelatin

A

common sources of copper

28
Q

copper - deficiency

copper deficiency results in _____ and _____

hypochromic anemia is indistinguishable from iron-deficiency anemia; suggests that copper is essential for iron metabolism

A

hypochromic anemia; connective tissue damage

29
Q

copper - deficiency

copper deficiency is seen among children with _____ and _____

A

protein deficiency
iron deficiency anemia

30
Q

copper - deficiency

is also seen _____ (born with low copper reserves) fed modified cow’s milk

A

premature infants

31
Q

copper - deficiency

symptoms include

decreased serum copper and anemia, impaired glucose tolerance, poor wound healing, immune defects, central nervous system, and cdv

A

copper

32
Q

copper - deficiency

is an inherited disease of copper metabolism

this condition is characterized by low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels

this disease prevents the release of Cu into the general population

A

menke’s kinky hair syndrome

33
Q

copper - deficiency

symptoms include abnormal keratinization (resulting in kinky hair), low serum, and liver copper levels, bone and skeletal abnormalities, and. mental deterioration resulting in death

A

menke’s kinky hair syndrome

34
Q

copper - toxicity

copper poisoning may occur with the intake of _____ stored in copper containers

A

acidic beverages

35
Q

result in tachycardia, hypertension, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, uremia, and death

A

copper - toxicity

36
Q

copper - toxicity

a genetic disorder in which excess amounts of copper and deposited in the liver, kidney, cornea, and brain, producing symptoms like tremor, ascites, psychoses

A

wilson’s disease

NBCD (89 decks)

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