Chapter 10: Micromineral (Copper)

Question 1

a cofactor for a wide range of enzymes; an essential element

Answer 1

copper

Question 2

occurs in the cuprous and cupric form

Answer 2

copper

Question 3

cu+

Answer 3

cuprous

Question 4

cupric

Answer 4

cu2+

Question 5

involved in oxidation-recution reactions

Answer 5

copper

Question 6

body’s copper content ranges from

Answer 6

5-120 mg

Question 7

highest concentration of the mineral is in the _____

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

lesser amounts of the mineral is in the _____ (4)

Answer 8

heart, kidneys, spleen, and brain

Question 9

copper in the blood and tissues is normally bound to

Answer 9

proteins

Question 10

copper - functions

essential as an activator of key enzymatic reactions

Answer 10

copper

Question 11

copper - functions

catalyzed the oxidation of the cytochrome C, a and a3 complex by oxygen in the respiratory chain

Answer 11

cytochrome c oxidase

Question 12

copper - functions

(a) oxidizes ferrous ions to ferric ions; (b) transports copper to tissue sites; (c) acts as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide ions

Answer 12

ceruloplasmin

Question 13

copper - functions

toxic oxygen removal

Answer 13

superoxide dismutase

Question 14

copper - functions

collagen synthesis

Answer 14

lysyl oxidase

Question 15

copper - functions

neurotransmitter synthesis

Answer 15

dopamine betahydroxylases

Question 16

copper - functions

melanin synthesis

Answer 16

tyrosine oxidase

Question 17

copper - absorption and metabolism

about 20-45% of dietary copper is absorbed from all parts of the GI tract, including the _____ (2)

Answer 17

stomach and large intestine

Question 18

copper - absorption and metabolism

bind with proteins such as _____, which slows down Cu absorption in the blood

Answer 18

metallothionein

Question 19

copper - absorption and metabolism

removed from the plasma by the _____ from where it is either excreted into the bile or used in the synthesis of ceruloplasmin, the copper-containing enzyme

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

the copper containing enzyme

Answer 20

ceruloplasmin

Question 21

copper - absorption and metabolism

released from the liver under the control of the _____

body utilized some of the plasma copper in the synthesis of superoxide dismutase in the bone marrow

Answer 21

adrenal gland

Question 22

copper - absorption and metabolism

copper is excreted in both the

Answer 22

feces and urine

Question 23

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

high intake of _____ or _____ decreases the absorption of copper

Answer 23

iron or vitamin c

Question 24

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients

decreases copper absorption

Answer 24

zinc

Question 25

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients is antagonistic to copper

Answer 25

calcium

Question 26

copper - interrelationship with other nutrients copper forms complexes with _____ and _____, decreases copper absorption

Answer 26

molybdenum and sulfur

Question 27

copper - food sources liver, shellfish (esp. oysters), nuts, mushrooms, whole grain cereals, and gelatin

Answer 27

common sources of copper

Question 28

copper - deficiency copper deficiency results in _____ and _____ hypochromic anemia is indistinguishable from iron-deficiency anemia; suggests that copper is essential for iron metabolism

Answer 28

hypochromic anemia; connective tissue damage

Question 29

copper - deficiency copper deficiency is seen among children with _____ and _____

Answer 29

protein deficiency iron deficiency anemia

Question 30

copper - deficiency is also seen _____ (born with low copper reserves) fed modified cow's milk

Answer 30

premature infants

Question 31

copper - deficiency symptoms include decreased serum copper and anemia, impaired glucose tolerance, poor wound healing, immune defects, central nervous system, and cdv

Answer 31

copper

Question 32

copper - deficiency is an inherited disease of copper metabolism this condition is characterized by low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels this disease prevents the release of Cu into the general population

Answer 32

menke's kinky hair syndrome

Question 33

copper - deficiency symptoms include abnormal keratinization (resulting in kinky hair), low serum, and liver copper levels, bone and skeletal abnormalities, and. mental deterioration resulting in death

Answer 33

menke's kinky hair syndrome

Question 34

copper - toxicity copper poisoning may occur with the intake of _____ stored in copper containers

Answer 34

acidic beverages

Question 35

result in tachycardia, hypertension, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, uremia, and death

Answer 35

copper - toxicity

Question 36

copper - toxicity a genetic disorder in which excess amounts of copper and deposited in the liver, kidney, cornea, and brain, producing symptoms like tremor, ascites, psychoses

Answer 36

wilson's disease