Chapter 34: MNT for Adverse Reactions to Food: Food Allergies and Intolerances Flashcards

1
Q

ARF meaning

A

adverse reaction to food

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2
Q

cover both food allergies and intolerances which can result to distressing symptoms and affecting a person’s quality of life

A

adverse reactions to food

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3
Q

an adverse immune-mediated reaction to a food, usually a chon, glycoprotein, or hapten that the person has been sensitized to, when eaten, causes the release of inflammatory mediators or chemicals that act on body tissues and result in symptoms

A

food allergy

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4
Q

an adverse reaction to a food or food additive that does not involve the immune system and results from the body’s inability to digest, absorb, or metabolize a food or component of the food

A

food intolerances

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5
Q

a small molecule which, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit the production of antibodies which bind specifically to it (in the free or combined state)

A

hapten

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6
Q

are caused by non-immunologic mechanisms including toxic, pharmacologic, gastrointestinal, genetic, metabolic, psychogenic, or idiosyncratic reactions

A

food intolerances

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7
Q

is any molecule that will elicit an immune response in the body

A

antigen

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8
Q

when an antigen elicits a hypersensitivity reaction, as in allergy, is called

A

allergen

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9
Q

used when it is unclear whether the reaction is immunologically-related or due to a biochemical or physiologic defect

A

food sensitivity

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10
Q

one etiology of adverse reactions to food is from cesarean delivery and lack of breastfeeding (T/F)

A

T

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11
Q

symptoms of food allergy (4)

A

dermatologic, gastrointestinal, systemic and nervous system, neurologic system

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12
Q

food allergies - symptoms

location: skin. mucus membrane and eyes, ears, nose and throat

symptoms:
-itching
-hives
-atopic dermatitis
-skin swelling and redness
-itchy, watery, and reddened eyes

A

dermatologic

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13
Q

food allergies - symptoms

symptoms:
-abdominal pain
-bloating and distention
-nausea and vomiting
-indigestion and belching
-diarrhea and constipation
-oral and pharyngeal itching
-gi bleeding

A

gastrointestinal

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14
Q

food allergies - symptoms

symptoms:
-migraine
-listlessness
-hyperactivity
-irritability
-chilliness
-dizziness
-anaphylaxis
-hypotension
-dysrhythmia

A

systemic and nervous system

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15
Q

food intolerances - causes and examples

ARFs resulting in clinical symptoms that are not immunologic in nature

A

food intolerances

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16
Q

food intolerances - causes and examples

includes enzyme deficiencies and malabsorptive disorder (lactose intolerance and g6pd)

diseases of the involving digestive system (cystic fibrosis, gallbladder and pancreatic disease), inflammatory bowel diseases

A

gastrointestinal disorders

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17
Q

food intolerances - causes and examples

ex: phenylketonuria/PKU and galactosemia

A

inborn errors of metabolism

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18
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to the followiing:
phenylethylamine, tyramine, and histamine

A

reactions to pharmacologic agents in food

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19
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
chocolates, aged cheese, and wines

A

phenylethylamine

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20
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
aged cheeses, brewer’s yeast, canned fish, chicken liver, bananas, eggplant, tomatoes, raspberries

A

tyramine

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21
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
aged cheese, fermented foods, shellfishes, egg whites, chocolates, alcohol, peanuts, etc.

A

histamine and histamine-containing foods

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22
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: artificial coloring agents (tartrazine and azo dyes), benzoates, butylated hydroxyanisol, (BHA), burylated hydroxytuluene (BHT), monosodium glutamate (MSG), nitrates and nitrites, salicylates

A

reactions to food additives

23
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: shrimps, avocado, instant potatoes, dried fruits, and vegetables

24
Q

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: proteus, klebsiella, or e.coli bacteria can cause histidine to breakdown a histamine

A

reactions to microbial contamination or toxins in food

25
more common than food allergies
food intolerances
26
can cause anaphylactic reactions
immune-mediated food allergy
27
do not cause anaphylactic reactions
food intolerances
28
food intolerances - clinical symptoms -bloating and flatulence -diarrhea and abdominal pain -anemia -malabsorption -anorexia -nausea -elevated levels of phenylalanine -mental retardation -migraine -hives, itching, eczema
food intolerance
29
adverse food reaction - assessment includes skin tests and blood tests for serum antibody and other tests which measure cytokines released by the body's immune system in response to food antigen exposure
immunologic testing
30
3 tests used in food challenge protocols
-double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge -single-blind food challenge -open food challenge
31
3 tests used in food challenge protocols neither the patient nor the physician knows the identity of the test food component usually disguised as a powder in a food known to be tolerated (such as apple sauce) or in a gelatin capsule patient's reaction is compared to his or her reaction to the placebo, and the patient is monitored in a clinical setting
double-blind, placebo-controlled food
32
3 tests used in food challenge protocols a food challenge in which the patient is blinded to the challenge food's identity, but the clinician is not the food or a powder of it is disguised in another food and reaction are observed and recorded
single-blind food challenge
33
3 tests used in food challenge protocols the patient in knowingly given a serving of the suspect food and observed for several hourd for a reaction
open food challenge
34
adverse food reactions - management include prescription of anti-histamine and anti-inflammatory medications with the purpose of alleviating the symptoms of allergic reaction
medical
35
adverse food reactions - management involves a thorough recording of food and symptoms experienced over a period of 7-14 days to carefully analyze the culprit of allergic reaction once a food is suspected to cause clinical symptoms, it will be eliminated in the diet for 4-12 weeks (food elimination)
dietary
36
reintroducing the food in minute amounts
desensitization
37
diet mgmt- bases if the nutrients present in the food is vital to the individual's health
essentiality of nutrients
38
diet mgmt- bases as a rule, if the symptoms are serious, food item is completely eliminated
fatality of symptoms
39
big 8 allergens
milk, eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans
40
a general term for an adverse reaction to an ingested food or food additive both immunological and non-immunological.
food sensitivity
41
proteins in the bloodstream or other body fluids that are produced in response to foreign materials that enter the body.
antibodies
42
immediate reaction
within 2 hours
43
delayed reaction
within 48 hrs
44
An abnormal immunologic response to a harmless food proteins, include (2)
IgE(immunoglobulin E) – mediated and non-IgE -mediated allergic response.
45
have a slow onset and usually involve the GIT
Non-IgE mediated allergies
46
characterized by an immediate onset of symptoms.
IgE-mediated food allergies
47
an immunological hypersensitivity or truly allergic reaction resulting from the ingestion of food or food additive
food hypersensitivity
48
a general term for an adverse reaction after ingestion of a food or food additive as a result of a direct non-immune reaction
food toxicity
49
a quantitively abnormal response to a food or food additive. Such response differs from its physiologic or pharmacologic effect and resembles a hypersensitivity reaction, but there is no immune mechanism involved.
food idiosyncrasy
50
RAST meaning (food allergy diagnosis)
radioallergosorbent extract test
51
ELISA meaning (food allergy diagnosis)
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
52
A diagnostic test diet and the usual offending food such as protein rich food are eliminated one after the other, until the exact food causing the allergy is noted.
elimination diet
53
An adequate diet which excludes the food causing allergic reactions. Examples: milk-free diet, egg-free diet, wheat-free diet, etc.
avoidance diet
54
The food causing the allergy is given gradually in increasing amounts over a period of ten to twelve months. If the allergy is noted again after twelve months, the person is given the avoidance diet until the allergies has disappeared and desensitized once more.
desensitization diet