Chapter 34: MNT for Adverse Reactions to Food: Food Allergies and Intolerances

Question 1

ARF meaning

Answer 1

adverse reaction to food

Question 2

cover both food allergies and intolerances which can result to distressing symptoms and affecting a person’s quality of life

Answer 2

adverse reactions to food

Question 3

an adverse immune-mediated reaction to a food, usually a chon, glycoprotein, or hapten that the person has been sensitized to, when eaten, causes the release of inflammatory mediators or chemicals that act on body tissues and result in symptoms

Answer 3

food allergy

Question 4

an adverse reaction to a food or food additive that does not involve the immune system and results from the body’s inability to digest, absorb, or metabolize a food or component of the food

Answer 4

food intolerances

Question 5

a small molecule which, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit the production of antibodies which bind specifically to it (in the free or combined state)

Answer 5

hapten

Question 6

are caused by non-immunologic mechanisms including toxic, pharmacologic, gastrointestinal, genetic, metabolic, psychogenic, or idiosyncratic reactions

Answer 6

food intolerances

Question 7

is any molecule that will elicit an immune response in the body

Answer 7

antigen

Question 8

when an antigen elicits a hypersensitivity reaction, as in allergy, is called

Answer 8

allergen

Question 9

used when it is unclear whether the reaction is immunologically-related or due to a biochemical or physiologic defect

Answer 9

food sensitivity

Question 10

one etiology of adverse reactions to food is from cesarean delivery and lack of breastfeeding (T/F)

Answer 10

T

Question 11

symptoms of food allergy (4)

Answer 11

dermatologic, gastrointestinal, systemic and nervous system, neurologic system

Question 12

food allergies - symptoms

location: skin. mucus membrane and eyes, ears, nose and throat

symptoms:
-itching
-hives
-atopic dermatitis
-skin swelling and redness
-itchy, watery, and reddened eyes

Answer 12

dermatologic

Question 13

food allergies - symptoms

symptoms:
-abdominal pain
-bloating and distention
-nausea and vomiting
-indigestion and belching
-diarrhea and constipation
-oral and pharyngeal itching
-gi bleeding

Answer 13

gastrointestinal

Question 14

food allergies - symptoms

symptoms:
-migraine
-listlessness
-hyperactivity
-irritability
-chilliness
-dizziness
-anaphylaxis
-hypotension
-dysrhythmia

Answer 14

systemic and nervous system

Question 15

food intolerances - causes and examples

ARFs resulting in clinical symptoms that are not immunologic in nature

Answer 15

food intolerances

Question 16

food intolerances - causes and examples

includes enzyme deficiencies and malabsorptive disorder (lactose intolerance and g6pd)

diseases of the involving digestive system (cystic fibrosis, gallbladder and pancreatic disease), inflammatory bowel diseases

Answer 16

gastrointestinal disorders

Question 17

food intolerances - causes and examples

ex: phenylketonuria/PKU and galactosemia

Answer 17

inborn errors of metabolism

Question 18

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to the followiing:
phenylethylamine, tyramine, and histamine

Answer 18

reactions to pharmacologic agents in food

Question 19

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
chocolates, aged cheese, and wines

Answer 19

phenylethylamine

Question 20

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
aged cheeses, brewer’s yeast, canned fish, chicken liver, bananas, eggplant, tomatoes, raspberries

Answer 20

tyramine

Question 21

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to:
aged cheese, fermented foods, shellfishes, egg whites, chocolates, alcohol, peanuts, etc.

Answer 21

histamine and histamine-containing foods

Question 22

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: artificial coloring agents (tartrazine and azo dyes), benzoates, butylated hydroxyanisol, (BHA), burylated hydroxytuluene (BHT), monosodium glutamate (MSG), nitrates and nitrites, salicylates

Answer 22

reactions to food additives

Question 23

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: shrimps, avocado, instant potatoes, dried fruits, and vegetables

Answer 23

sulfites

Question 24

psychologic or neurologic reactions

adverse reactions to: proteus, klebsiella, or e.coli bacteria can cause histidine to breakdown a histamine

Answer 24

reactions to microbial contamination or toxins in food

Question 25

more common than food allergies

Answer 25

food intolerances

Question 26

can cause anaphylactic reactions

Answer 26

immune-mediated food allergy

Question 27

do not cause anaphylactic reactions

Answer 27

food intolerances

Question 28

food intolerances - clinical symptoms

-bloating and flatulence
-diarrhea and abdominal pain
-anemia
-malabsorption
-anorexia
-nausea
-elevated levels of phenylalanine
-mental retardation
-migraine
-hives, itching, eczema

Answer 28

food intolerance

Question 29

adverse food reaction - assessment

includes skin tests and blood tests for serum antibody and other tests which measure cytokines released by the body’s immune system in response to food antigen exposure

Answer 29

immunologic testing

Question 30

3 tests used in food challenge protocols

Answer 30

-double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge
-single-blind food challenge
-open food challenge

Question 31

3 tests used in food challenge protocols

neither the patient nor the physician knows the identity of the test food component

usually disguised as a powder in a food known to be tolerated (such as apple sauce) or in a gelatin capsule

patient’s reaction is compared to his or her reaction to the placebo, and the patient is monitored in a clinical setting

Answer 31

double-blind, placebo-controlled food

Question 32

3 tests used in food challenge protocols

a food challenge in which the patient is blinded to the challenge food’s identity, but the clinician is not

the food or a powder of it is disguised in another food and reaction are observed and recorded

Answer 32

single-blind food challenge

Question 33

3 tests used in food challenge protocols

the patient in knowingly given a serving of the suspect food and observed for several hourd for a reaction

Answer 33

open food challenge

Question 34

adverse food reactions - management

include prescription of anti-histamine and anti-inflammatory medications with the purpose of alleviating the symptoms of allergic reaction

Answer 34

medical

Question 35

adverse food reactions - management

involves a thorough recording of food and symptoms experienced over a period of 7-14 days to carefully analyze the culprit of allergic reaction

once a food is suspected to cause clinical symptoms, it will be eliminated in the diet for 4-12 weeks (food elimination)

Answer 35

dietary

Question 36

reintroducing the food in minute amounts

Answer 36

desensitization

Question 37

diet mgmt- bases

if the nutrients present in the food is vital to the individual’s health

Answer 37

essentiality of nutrients

Question 38

diet mgmt- bases

as a rule, if the symptoms are serious, food item is completely eliminated

Answer 38

fatality of symptoms

Question 39

big 8 allergens

Answer 39

milk, eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans

Question 40

a general term for an adverse reaction to an
ingested food or food additive both immunological and non-immunological.

Answer 40

food sensitivity

Question 41

proteins in the bloodstream or other body fluids that are produced in response to foreign materials that enter the body.

Answer 41

antibodies

Question 42

immediate reaction

Answer 42

within 2 hours

Question 43

delayed reaction

Answer 43

within 48 hrs

Question 44

An abnormal immunologic response to a harmless food
proteins, include (2)

Answer 44

IgE(immunoglobulin E) – mediated and non-IgE -mediated allergic response.

Question 45

have a slow onset and usually involve the GIT

Answer 45

Non-IgE mediated allergies

Question 46

characterized by an immediate onset of symptoms.

Answer 46

IgE-mediated food allergies

Question 47

an immunological hypersensitivity or truly allergic reaction resulting from the ingestion of food or food additive

Answer 47

food hypersensitivity

Question 48

a general term for an adverse reaction after ingestion of a food or food additive as a result of a direct non-immune reaction

Answer 48

food toxicity

Question 49

a quantitively abnormal response to a food or food additive. Such response differs from its physiologic or
pharmacologic effect and resembles a hypersensitivity reaction, but there is no immune mechanism involved.

Answer 49

food idiosyncrasy

Question 50

RAST meaning (food allergy diagnosis)

Answer 50

radioallergosorbent extract test

Question 51

ELISA meaning (food allergy diagnosis)

Answer 51

enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay

Question 52

A diagnostic test diet and the usual offending food such as protein rich food are eliminated one after the other, until the exact food causing the allergy is noted.

Answer 52

elimination diet

Question 53

An adequate diet which excludes the food causing allergic reactions. Examples: milk-free diet, egg-free diet, wheat-free diet, etc.

Answer 53

avoidance diet

Question 54

The food causing the allergy is given gradually in increasing amounts over a period of ten to twelve months. If the allergy is noted again after twelve months, the person is given the avoidance diet until the allergies has disappeared and desensitized once more.

Answer 54

desensitization diet