Chapter 32: MNT for Neurologic Disorders Flashcards
refers to a condition caused by a dysfunction in a particular part of the brain or the nervous system resulting in physical and/or psychological symptoms
neurologic disorder
etiology
-excess/deficient nutrient
-diabetic neuropathy
-stroke
-trauma
-genetics
neurologic disorders
-chewing difficulty
-increased energy expenditure
-inadequate dietary intake
-inadequate food and beverage oral intake
-less PA
-poor nutrition and quality of life
-self-feeding difficulty
-swallowing difficulty
-underweight
-inadequate access to food
-inadequate access to fluid
common diagnoses - neurologic disorders
neurologic disorders - types
the most common form of dementia - a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities
alzheimer’s disease (AD)
neurologic disorders - types
other manifestations: speech disturbances, loss of independence, disordered eating behavior, and weight change
alzheimer’s disease
alzheimer’s disease - dietary mgmt
normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as
Lou Gehrig disease
neurologic disorders - types
a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor neurons in the central nervous sytem
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
ALS - medical mgmt
-currently no cure
-mechanical ventilation extends life
-comfort measures
-high dose of _____ to preserve muscle integrity
methylcobalamin
ALS - dietary mgmt
-nutrition support
-identify severity of disease for appropriate intervention
ALS
neurologic disorders - types
neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child’s brain is under development
cerebral palsy
cerebral palsy - dietary mgmt
-adequate kcal to meet nutritional requirements
-consistency and modes of feeding should be according to tolerance since motor skills may be impaired
cerebral palsy
neurologic disorders - types
refers to the excessive discharge of electrical impulses, which may cause convulsions and loss of consciousness
epilepsy
epilepsy - medical mgmt
drugs used?
anticonvulsant drugs
dietary mgmt
-modified atkins diet
-low glycemic index treatment (LGIT)
epilepsy
epilepsy - dietary mgmt
diet: ketogenic diet using _____ or regular fat to induce ketosis
MCT oil
epilepsy - dietary mgmt
K: AK ratio (2)
3:1 or 4:1
neurologic disorders - types
a progressive, disabling, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by slow and decreased movements, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, posture instability, and decreased dopamine transmission to basal ganglia
parkinson’s disease (PDP)
parkinson’s disease - medical mgmt
dopamine
- dietary mgmt
-consistency maybe adjusted to facilitate chewing or swallowing
-adequate fiber and fluid to lessen constipation
-limit dietary protein at breakfast and lunch for pt with dyskinesia
-avoid foods that contain I-dopa like broad beans (e.g. flava beans)
parkinson’s disease
neurologic disorders - types
an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction in which the immune system of the body raises a response to acetylcholine receptors (AchR)
it is characterized by excessive weakness and fatiguability of the muscles and difficulty in speech
myasthenia gravis (MG)
myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt
inhibit acetylcholinelinesterase
anticholinesterases
myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt
immunosuppressive
corticosteroids
myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt
removal of?
thymus
myasthenia gravis - dietary mgmt
-normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance
-nutrient-dense food
-SFF; easy to chew and swallow
-food that do not fall apart easily for better tolerance
myasthenia gravis
neurologic disorders - types
a progressive disease that is characterized by disseminated demyelination of the brain’s and spinal cord’s nerve fibers
multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis - medical mgmt
-physical and occupational therapies
multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis - medical mgmt
for treating exacerbation (2)
steroid therapy; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
multiple sclerosis - dietary mgmt
-normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance
-_____ (2) if with constipation or diarrhea
high fiber and adequate fluid
neurologic disorders - types
these are related syndrome disorders that often occur due to thiamine deficiency
wernicke and korsakoff syndrome/wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
characterized by opthalmoplegia, ataxia, and mental confusion
wernicke’s syndrome
characterized by disturbance in memory and inability to learn new things
korsakoff syndrome
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome - mgmt
-provide thiamin supplementation
-adequate hydration
-eliminate alcohol
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
neurologic disorders - types
an acute-onset inflammatory, demyelinating polyneuropathy of the proximal motor nerves, including cranial nerve and diaphragm
guillain-barré syndrome
dietary mgmt
high energy and protein tube feedings may help re-establish a positive nitrogen balance and attenuate muscle wasting for immediate attainment of positive energy balance
guillain-barré syndrome
