Chapter 32: MNT for Neurologic Disorders

Question 1

refers to a condition caused by a dysfunction in a particular part of the brain or the nervous system resulting in physical and/or psychological symptoms

Answer 1

neurologic disorder

Question 2

etiology

-excess/deficient nutrient
-diabetic neuropathy
-stroke
-trauma
-genetics

Answer 2

neurologic disorders

Question 3

-chewing difficulty
-increased energy expenditure
-inadequate dietary intake
-inadequate food and beverage oral intake
-less PA
-poor nutrition and quality of life
-self-feeding difficulty
-swallowing difficulty
-underweight
-inadequate access to food
-inadequate access to fluid

Answer 3

common diagnoses - neurologic disorders

Question 4

neurologic disorders - types

the most common form of dementia - a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities

Answer 4

alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Question 5

neurologic disorders - types

other manifestations: speech disturbances, loss of independence, disordered eating behavior, and weight change

Answer 5

alzheimer’s disease

Question 6

alzheimer’s disease - dietary mgmt

Answer 6

normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance

Question 7

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as

Answer 7

Lou Gehrig disease

Question 8

neurologic disorders - types

a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor neurons in the central nervous sytem

Answer 8

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 9

ALS - medical mgmt

-currently no cure
-mechanical ventilation extends life
-comfort measures
-high dose of _____ to preserve muscle integrity

Answer 9

methylcobalamin

Question 10

ALS - dietary mgmt

-nutrition support
-identify severity of disease for appropriate intervention

Answer 10

ALS

Question 11

neurologic disorders - types

neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child’s brain is under development

Answer 11

cerebral palsy

Question 12

cerebral palsy - dietary mgmt

-adequate kcal to meet nutritional requirements
-consistency and modes of feeding should be according to tolerance since motor skills may be impaired

Answer 12

cerebral palsy

Question 13

neurologic disorders - types

refers to the excessive discharge of electrical impulses, which may cause convulsions and loss of consciousness

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 14

epilepsy - medical mgmt

drugs used?

Answer 14

anticonvulsant drugs

Question 15

dietary mgmt

-modified atkins diet
-low glycemic index treatment (LGIT)

Answer 15

epilepsy

Question 16

epilepsy - dietary mgmt

diet: ketogenic diet using _____ or regular fat to induce ketosis

Answer 16

MCT oil

Question 17

epilepsy - dietary mgmt

K: AK ratio (2)

Answer 17

3:1 or 4:1

Question 18

neurologic disorders - types

a progressive, disabling, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by slow and decreased movements, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, posture instability, and decreased dopamine transmission to basal ganglia

Answer 18

parkinson’s disease (PDP)

Question 19

parkinson’s disease - medical mgmt

Answer 19

dopamine

Question 20

• dietary mgmt

-consistency maybe adjusted to facilitate chewing or swallowing
-adequate fiber and fluid to lessen constipation
-limit dietary protein at breakfast and lunch for pt with dyskinesia
-avoid foods that contain I-dopa like broad beans (e.g. flava beans)

Answer 20

parkinson’s disease

Question 21

neurologic disorders - types

an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction in which the immune system of the body raises a response to acetylcholine receptors (AchR)

it is characterized by excessive weakness and fatiguability of the muscles and difficulty in speech

Answer 21

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Question 22

myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt

inhibit acetylcholinelinesterase

Answer 22

anticholinesterases

Question 23

myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt

immunosuppressive

Answer 23

corticosteroids

Question 24

myasthenia gravis - medical mgmt

removal of?

Answer 24

thymus

Question 25

myasthenia gravis - dietary mgmt

-normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance
-nutrient-dense food
-SFF; easy to chew and swallow
-food that do not fall apart easily for better tolerance

Answer 25

myasthenia gravis

Question 26

neurologic disorders - types

a progressive disease that is characterized by disseminated demyelination of the brain’s and spinal cord’s nerve fibers

Answer 26

multiple sclerosis

Question 27

multiple sclerosis - medical mgmt

-physical and occupational therapies

Answer 27

multiple sclerosis

Question 28

multiple sclerosis - medical mgmt

for treating exacerbation (2)

Answer 28

steroid therapy; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 29

multiple sclerosis - dietary mgmt

-normal diet; consistency may be adjusted according to tolerance
-_____ (2) if with constipation or diarrhea

Answer 29

high fiber and adequate fluid

Question 30

neurologic disorders - types

these are related syndrome disorders that often occur due to thiamine deficiency

Answer 30

wernicke and korsakoff syndrome/wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 31

characterized by opthalmoplegia, ataxia, and mental confusion

Answer 31

wernicke’s syndrome

Question 32

characterized by disturbance in memory and inability to learn new things

Answer 32

korsakoff syndrome

Question 33

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome - mgmt

-provide thiamin supplementation
-adequate hydration
-eliminate alcohol

Answer 33

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 34

neurologic disorders - types

an acute-onset inflammatory, demyelinating polyneuropathy of the proximal motor nerves, including cranial nerve and diaphragm

Answer 34

guillain-barré syndrome

Question 35

dietary mgmt

high energy and protein tube feedings may help re-establish a positive nitrogen balance and attenuate muscle wasting for immediate attainment of positive energy balance

Answer 35

guillain-barré syndrome