Chapter 21: MNT in Weight Management and Eating Disorders Flashcards
a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 111-119% of the desirable body weight
overweight
a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 120% than the desirable body weight
obesity
aka quetelet index
body mass index (BMI)
is the ratio of weight in kg to height in m2
this provides a measure of body mass ranging from thinness (chronic energy deficit) to adiposity or obesity
bmi
obesity - types
central body fat distribution
apple-shaped
android
obesity - types
lower body fat distribution
pear-shapes
gynoid or gynecoid
obesity - classification
due to an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure
simple
obesity - classification
ob gene that codes for leptin; the 40% chance of being obese when one parent is obese is responsible for obesities in many cases
genetic
obesity - classification
adult onset obesity; increase in size of fat cells
hypertrophic
obesity - classification
childhood onset obesity; increase in number of fat cells
hyperplastic
obesity - classification
due to Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, pregnancy
endocrine-related obesities
etiologic factors - heredity/genetics
ob gene codes that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure
leptin
etiologic factors - heredity/genetics
permit only heat loss; no formation of adenosine triphosphate; increase basal metabolic rate (BMR); resist weight gain
uncoupling proteins
etiologic factors - heredity/genetics
releases energy as heat
brown fat
etiologic factors - heredity/genetics
stores the energy
white fat
etiologic factors
fat cells only shrink their sized but not reduce their number
childhood nutrition
etiologic factors
can increase tendency to binge eat; can also cause weight gain after drastic weight loss
stress
etiologic factors
low physical activity increases deposition of fats
activity
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
it is reasonable to lose _____ lbs per week
1-2 lbs
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
to lose 1-2 lbs per week, a deduction of _____ kcal from the total energy requirement is needed
500-1000 kcal
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
basis of estimate
1 g of fat = _____ kcal
9 kcal
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
basis of estimate
1 g body fat = _____ kcal
7.7 kcal
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
basis of estimate
1 lb body fat _____ g
454.55 x 7.7 = 3500 kcal
3500/7 days = 500 kcal
454.55 g
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
TER may be based on
_____ and _____ with the deduction of 500-1000 kcal to effect a 1-2 lbs/week loss
actual body weight and level of PA
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity
desirable body wt (kg) with _____ kcal/day
20-25 kcal/day
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity
desirable body wt (lb) with _____ kcal/day
10 kcal/day
overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt
meal plan: a high-fat diet contributes to increased food intake because it is palatable, has increased energy value, low satiety, low leptin supply, and efficient metabolism
low-fat diets