Chapter 21: MNT in Weight Management and Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 111-119% of the desirable body weight

A

overweight

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2
Q

a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 120% than the desirable body weight

A

obesity

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3
Q

aka quetelet index

A

body mass index (BMI)

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4
Q

is the ratio of weight in kg to height in m2

this provides a measure of body mass ranging from thinness (chronic energy deficit) to adiposity or obesity

A

bmi

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5
Q

obesity - types

central body fat distribution

apple-shaped

A

android

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6
Q

obesity - types

lower body fat distribution

pear-shapes

A

gynoid or gynecoid

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7
Q

obesity - classification

due to an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure

A

simple

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8
Q

obesity - classification

ob gene that codes for leptin; the 40% chance of being obese when one parent is obese is responsible for obesities in many cases

A

genetic

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9
Q

obesity - classification

adult onset obesity; increase in size of fat cells

A

hypertrophic

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10
Q

obesity - classification

childhood onset obesity; increase in number of fat cells

A

hyperplastic

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11
Q

obesity - classification

due to Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, pregnancy

A

endocrine-related obesities

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12
Q

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

ob gene codes that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure

A

leptin

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13
Q

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

permit only heat loss; no formation of adenosine triphosphate; increase basal metabolic rate (BMR); resist weight gain

A

uncoupling proteins

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14
Q

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

releases energy as heat

A

brown fat

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15
Q

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

stores the energy

A

white fat

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16
Q

etiologic factors

fat cells only shrink their sized but not reduce their number

A

childhood nutrition

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17
Q

etiologic factors

can increase tendency to binge eat; can also cause weight gain after drastic weight loss

A

stress

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18
Q

etiologic factors

low physical activity increases deposition of fats

A

activity

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19
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

it is reasonable to lose _____ lbs per week

A

1-2 lbs

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20
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

to lose 1-2 lbs per week, a deduction of _____ kcal from the total energy requirement is needed

A

500-1000 kcal

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21
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 g of fat = _____ kcal

A

9 kcal

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22
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 g body fat = _____ kcal

A

7.7 kcal

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23
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 lb body fat _____ g

454.55 x 7.7 = 3500 kcal

3500/7 days = 500 kcal

A

454.55 g

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24
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

TER may be based on

_____ and _____ with the deduction of 500-1000 kcal to effect a 1-2 lbs/week loss

A

actual body weight and level of PA

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25
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity

desirable body wt (kg) with _____ kcal/day

A

20-25 kcal/day

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26
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity

desirable body wt (lb) with _____ kcal/day

A

10 kcal/day

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27
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

meal plan: a high-fat diet contributes to increased food intake because it is palatable, has increased energy value, low satiety, low leptin supply, and efficient metabolism

A

low-fat diets

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28
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

meal plan: controlled because glucose contributed glycerol phosphate for synthesis of fat (for cho-sensitive individuals) and adequate water

A

cho

29
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

meal plan: vitamin mineral supplementation may be necessary for _____ kcal

A

1200 kcal

30
Q

low kcal diet

A

1200 kcal

31
Q

very low kcal diet

given to those who are morbidly obese and those who will undergo Bariatric surgery

A

800 kcal

32
Q

overweight/obesity - mgmt

build lean mass, regulates appetite, increases energy expenditure, increases BMR and reduces stress

A

exercise

33
Q

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

meal plan: the cornerstone of lifestyle modification; focuses on restructuring a person’s environment, nutrient intake, and physical activity by using goal setting, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring, and relapse prevention

A

behavior modification

34
Q

overweight/obesity - mgmt

tranquilizers, appetite-suppressant, hormones to correct imbalance, diuretics

A

medical

35
Q

weight mgmt - issues

espouse exaggerated or false theories of weight loss and advise consumers to follow inadequate diets

A

fad diets

36
Q

weight mgmt - issues

lipoprotein lipase (which hydrolyzes fat after delivery to the adipose tissues) is activated causing more weight gain after weight loss

A

weight cycling

37
Q

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs)

can cause dry mouth, tachycardia, insomnia, kidney failures, seizures, and strokes), ephedra (death, psychosis, strokes, and seizures

A

phenylpropanolamine

38
Q

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs)

cause death, psychosis, strokes, and seizures

A

ephedra

39
Q

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs)

increases BMR

A

triiodothyroacetic acid

40
Q

refers to the state when the ABW is less than 90% of the DBW

or the BMI is less then 18.5 kg/m2

A

underweight

41
Q

causes:

-low food intake
-increased activity
-malabsorption
-increased metabolism

A

underweight

42
Q

underweight - dietary mgmt

calculate TER based on: ABW and level of PA with the addition of _____ kcal to effect 1-2 lbs/week weight gain

A

500-1000 kcal

43
Q

underweight - dietary mgmt

calculate TER based on: desirable body weight and level of activity

A

-

44
Q

underweight - dietary mgmt

calculate TER based on: desirable body weight (kg) with _____

A

45-50 kcal/day

45
Q

underweight - mgmt

may promote gaining of lean mass

A

exercise

46
Q

underweight - mgmt

small frequent feeding, healthier eating habits, less strenuous activities

A

behavior modifications

47
Q

underweight - mgmt

appetite enhancers

A

drugs

48
Q

eating disorders

refers to an eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight and a distortion of body shape and weight

A

anorexia nervosa

49
Q

eating disorders

etiological factors: distorted body image brought about by familial or environment influences

A

anorexia nervosa

50
Q

eating disorders

characteristics:
-refusal to gain weight
-intense fear of gaining weight tho underweight
-disturbance in the way body shape is experience
-amenorrhea

A

anorexia nervosa

51
Q

absence of menstrual periods

A

amenorrhea

52
Q

eating disorders

types of anorexia nervosa (2)

A

restricting types and binging type

53
Q

eating disorders - complications

hypothermia/dehydration

A

metabolic

54
Q

eating disorders - complications

bradycardia, arrhythmia

A

cardiovascular

55
Q

eating disorders - complications

electrolyte imbalance, anemia

A

nutritional

56
Q

eating disorders - complications

leukopenia

A

hematologic

57
Q

eating disorders - complications

azotemia

A

renal

58
Q

eating disorders - complications

muscle weakness, stress fractures

A

musculoskeletal

59
Q

eating disorders - complications

diarrhea, constipation, swollen glands, damaged lining, atrophy

A

gastrointestinal

60
Q

eating disorders - complications

infection

A

immunologic

61
Q

a condition that happens when waste product levels in your blood are too high

A

azotemia

62
Q

dietary mgmt

use food items that do not promote early satiety; increase frequency; supplementations; cold or room temp foods; less caffeine

behavior modification, psychologic mgmt

A

anorexia nervosa

63
Q

pertains to an eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating usually followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting or excessive exercise

A

bulimia nervosa

64
Q

eating disorders

characteristics:
-binge eating
-self-induced vomiting
-misuse of laxatives
-diuretics or enemas
-negative self-perceptions

A

bulimia nervosa

65
Q

types of bulimia nervosa (2)

A

purging and non-purging types

66
Q

eating disorders

complications:
metabolic acidosis, pharyngitis, esophagitis, parotitis, dental problems, colon injury, myocarditis

A

bulimia nervosa

67
Q

eating disorders - mgmt

use of food items that promote early satiety; warm foods; include foods that require effort to eat in portions

A

bulimia nervosa

68
Q

eating disorders - mgmt

eat slowly and seating down

A

bulimia nervosa

69
Q

eating disorders - mgmt

use of antidepressants and opiate antagonists (restrict consumption of sweets and high fatty foods)

A

bulimia nervosa