9.7 - Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 1

ARDS is due to diffuse damage to the _____________

Answer 1

alveolar-capillary interface

Question 2

what is seen on biopsy in ARDS? what is the cause?

Answer 2

hyaline membranes - due to leakage of protein-rich fluid leads to edema that combines with necrotic epithelial cells

Question 3

what mediates the damage in secondary causes of ARDS?

Answer 3

activation of neutrophils induces protease- and free radical-mediated damage of type I and II pneumocytes

Question 4

damage to what cell type leads to scarring and fibrosis in ARDS?

Answer 4

type II pneumocytes

Question 5

what is the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 5

inadequate surfactant levels

Question 6

surfactant is made by _________? when does its production begin? when are adequate levels met?

Answer 6

• type II pneumocytes
• begins at 28 weeks
• adequate at 34 weeks

Question 7

what is the major component of surfactant?

Answer 7

phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

Question 8

what are the components of the “ratio” for surfactant?

Answer 8

lecithin / sphingomyelin

Question 9

how does neonatal respiratory distress syndrome present on XR?

Answer 9

ground glass

Question 10

what are the complications of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 10

• hypoxemia: persistent PDA, necrotizing enterocolitis

- supplemental oxygen: free radical injury, retinal injury