18.2 - Bone tumors

Question 1

where do osteomas arise?

Answer 1

surface of facial bones

Question 2

osteomas are associated with what syndrome?

Answer 2

Gardner syndrome

Question 3

what is the triad of Gardner syndrome?

Answer 3

• familial adenomatous polyposis
• fibromatosis in retroperitoneum
• osteomas of facial bones

Question 4

osteoid osteoma is a tumor of _______________ (cell type) surrounded by a rim of ____________

Answer 4

• osteoblasts

- reactive bone

Question 5

osteoid osteomas arise in what part of bone?

Answer 5

cortex of diaphysis

Question 6

how do osteoid osteomas present?

Answer 6

bone pain that resolves with aspirin

Question 7

what is the imaging in osteoid osteomas?

Answer 7

bony mass (under 2 cm) with radiolucent core (osteoid)

Question 8

how is an osteoblastoma different from an osteoid osteoma?

Answer 8

osteoblastomas:
- are larger (over 2 cm)
- arise in vertebrae
- do NOT respond to aspirin

Question 9

imaging: bony mass (under 2 cm) with radiolucent core

Answer 9

osteoid osteoma

Question 10

imaging: overlying cartilage cap

Answer 10

osteochondroma

Question 11

where do osteochondromas arise?

Answer 11

from lateral projection of growth plate (metaphysis), continuous with marrow space

Question 12

overlying cartilage cap on imaging?

Answer 12

osteochondroma

Question 13

osteosarcoma is a malignant proliferation of ______________ (cell type)

Answer 13

osteoblasts

Question 14

where do osteosarcomas arise?

Answer 14

metaphysis of long bones

Question 15

imaging: osteosarcoma

Answer 15

destructive mass with a ‘sunburst’ appearance and lifting of the periosteum

Question 16

Codman’s triangle is associated with what tumor type?

Answer 16

osteosarcoma

Question 17

what is the hallmark histology for osteosarcoma?

Answer 17

pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid

Question 18

histology: pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid

Answer 18

osteosarcoma

Question 19

where do giant cell tumors arise?

Answer 19

epiphysis of long bones (only tumor arising from epiphysis)

Question 20

what is XR appearance of giant cell tumors?

Answer 20

soap bubble appearance

Question 21

XR reveals soap bubble appearance in epiphysis - diagnosis?

Answer 21

giant cell tumor

Question 22

ewing sarcoma is a malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells from what lineage?

Answer 22

neuroectoderm

Question 23

where do ewing sarcomas arise?

Answer 23

diaphysis of long bones

Question 24

ewing sarcomas affect what population?

Answer 24

males under 15 years

Question 25

what is the XR appearance of ewing sarcomas?

Answer 25

onion skin

Question 26

what is the histology of ewing sarcoma?

Answer 26

small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes

Question 27

what translocation is associated with ewing sarcoma?

Answer 27

11;22

Question 28

onion skin appearance of bone on XR - diagnosis?

Answer 28

ewing sarcoma

Question 29

bone histology reveals small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes - diagnosis?

Answer 29

ewing sarcoma

Question 30

where do chondromas arise?

Answer 30

medulla of small bones of hands and feet

Question 31

where do chondrosarcomas arise?

Answer 31

medulla of pelvis or central skeleton

Question 32

metastatic bone tumors usually result in what type of lesion? what is a notable exception?

Answer 32

• punched out (lytic)

- prostate (blastic)