18.2 - Bone tumors Flashcards
where do osteomas arise?
surface of facial bones
osteomas are associated with what syndrome?
Gardner syndrome
what is the triad of Gardner syndrome?
- familial adenomatous polyposis
- fibromatosis in retroperitoneum
- osteomas of facial bones
osteoid osteoma is a tumor of _______________ (cell type) surrounded by a rim of ____________
- osteoblasts
- reactive bone
osteoid osteomas arise in what part of bone?
cortex of diaphysis
how do osteoid osteomas present?
bone pain that resolves with aspirin
what is the imaging in osteoid osteomas?
bony mass (under 2 cm) with radiolucent core (osteoid)
how is an osteoblastoma different from an osteoid osteoma?
osteoblastomas:
- are larger (over 2 cm)
- arise in vertebrae
- do NOT respond to aspirin
imaging: bony mass (under 2 cm) with radiolucent core
osteoid osteoma
imaging: overlying cartilage cap
osteochondroma
where do osteochondromas arise?
from lateral projection of growth plate (metaphysis), continuous with marrow space
overlying cartilage cap on imaging?
osteochondroma
osteosarcoma is a malignant proliferation of ______________ (cell type)
osteoblasts
where do osteosarcomas arise?
metaphysis of long bones
imaging: osteosarcoma
destructive mass with a ‘sunburst’ appearance and lifting of the periosteum
Codman’s triangle is associated with what tumor type?
osteosarcoma
what is the hallmark histology for osteosarcoma?
pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid
histology: pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid
osteosarcoma
where do giant cell tumors arise?
epiphysis of long bones (only tumor arising from epiphysis)
what is XR appearance of giant cell tumors?
soap bubble appearance
XR reveals soap bubble appearance in epiphysis - diagnosis?
giant cell tumor
ewing sarcoma is a malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells from what lineage?
neuroectoderm
where do ewing sarcomas arise?
diaphysis of long bones
ewing sarcomas affect what population?
males under 15 years
what is the XR appearance of ewing sarcomas?
onion skin
what is the histology of ewing sarcoma?
small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes
what translocation is associated with ewing sarcoma?
11;22
onion skin appearance of bone on XR - diagnosis?
ewing sarcoma
bone histology reveals small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes - diagnosis?
ewing sarcoma
where do chondromas arise?
medulla of small bones of hands and feet
where do chondrosarcomas arise?
medulla of pelvis or central skeleton
metastatic bone tumors usually result in what type of lesion? what is a notable exception?
- punched out (lytic)
- prostate (blastic)
