14.3 - Testicular tumors

Question 1

testicular tumors arise from what two embryological layers?

Answer 1

• germ cells

- sex cord stroma

Question 2

most testicular tumors are ___________ (benign / malignant) and are of _______________ origin

Answer 2

• malignant

- germ cell

Question 3

germ cell testicular tumors are split into what 2 categories?

Answer 3

• seminoma

- non-seminoma

Question 4

what is the histological appearance of seminomas? what is the gross appearance?

Answer 4

• histologic: large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
• gross: homogenous mass with NO hemorrhage or necrosis

Question 5

seminomas are analogous to what type of ovarian tumor in females?

Answer 5

ovarian dysgerminoma

Question 6

is emryonal carcinoma seminoma or non-seminoma?

Answer 6

non-seminoma

Question 7

what is the histology of an embryonal carcinoma? what is the gross appearance?

Answer 7

• histology: immature, primitive cells that may produce glands**
• gross: hemorrhagic mass with necrosis

Question 8

will AFP and/or B-HCG be elevated in an embryonal carcinoma?

Answer 8

both could possibly be elevated

Question 9

what is the most common testicular tumor in children?

Answer 9

yolk sac tumor

Question 10

is yolk sac tumor a seminoma or non-seminoma?

Answer 10

non-seminoma

Question 11

what is the hallmark feature of yolk sac tumors?

Answer 11

schiller-duval bodies: “glomeruloid” like structures

Question 12

what marker is characteristically elevated in yolk sac tumors?

Answer 12

AFP

Question 13

AFP is characteristically elevated in what testicular tumor?

Answer 13

yolk sac tumor

Question 14

choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of _______________ and _____________

Answer 14

• syncytiotrophoblasts

- cytotrophoblasts

Question 15

what is notably absent in choriocarcinomas?

Answer 15

villi (placenta like tissue, but villi are missing)

Question 16

what marker is characteristically elevated in choriocarcinomas?

Answer 16

B-HCG

Question 17

B-HCG is characteristically elevated in what testicular tumor?

Answer 17

choriocarcinoma

Question 18

why is hyperthyroidism sometimes seen in choriocarcinomas?

Answer 18

alpha subunit of hCG (elevated in choriocarcinomas) is similar to that of FSH, LH, and TSH

Question 19

are teratomas benign or malignant in males? what about females?

Answer 19

• males: MALIGNANT

- females: benign

Question 20

what can leydig cell tumors cause in children? adults?

Answer 20

• children: precocious puberty

- adults: gynecomastia

Question 21

what is the hallmark feature of leydig cell tumors?

Answer 21

reinke crystals

Question 22

reinke crystals are the hallmark feature of what testicular tumor?

Answer 22

leydig cell

Question 23

a testicular mass in a man over 60 means:

Answer 23

lymphoma - diffuse large B cell type