14.3 - Testicular tumors Flashcards
testicular tumors arise from what two embryological layers?
- germ cells
- sex cord stroma
most testicular tumors are ___________ (benign / malignant) and are of _______________ origin
- malignant
- germ cell
germ cell testicular tumors are split into what 2 categories?
- seminoma
- non-seminoma
what is the histological appearance of seminomas? what is the gross appearance?
- histologic: large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
- gross: homogenous mass with NO hemorrhage or necrosis
seminomas are analogous to what type of ovarian tumor in females?
ovarian dysgerminoma
is emryonal carcinoma seminoma or non-seminoma?
non-seminoma
what is the histology of an embryonal carcinoma? what is the gross appearance?
- histology: immature, primitive cells that may produce glands**
- gross: hemorrhagic mass with necrosis
will AFP and/or B-HCG be elevated in an embryonal carcinoma?
both could possibly be elevated
what is the most common testicular tumor in children?
yolk sac tumor
is yolk sac tumor a seminoma or non-seminoma?
non-seminoma
what is the hallmark feature of yolk sac tumors?
schiller-duval bodies: “glomeruloid” like structures
what marker is characteristically elevated in yolk sac tumors?
AFP
AFP is characteristically elevated in what testicular tumor?
yolk sac tumor
choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of _______________ and _____________
- syncytiotrophoblasts
- cytotrophoblasts
what is notably absent in choriocarcinomas?
villi (placenta like tissue, but villi are missing)
what marker is characteristically elevated in choriocarcinomas?
B-HCG
B-HCG is characteristically elevated in what testicular tumor?
choriocarcinoma
why is hyperthyroidism sometimes seen in choriocarcinomas?
alpha subunit of hCG (elevated in choriocarcinomas) is similar to that of FSH, LH, and TSH
are teratomas benign or malignant in males? what about females?
- males: MALIGNANT
- females: benign
what can leydig cell tumors cause in children? adults?
- children: precocious puberty
- adults: gynecomastia
what is the hallmark feature of leydig cell tumors?
reinke crystals
reinke crystals are the hallmark feature of what testicular tumor?
leydig cell
a testicular mass in a man over 60 means:
lymphoma - diffuse large B cell type
