10.4 - Stomach Flashcards
gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the ______________ leading to exposure of _____________
- anterior abdominal wall
- abdominal contents
what is an omphalocele? what is the cause?
- persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord
- failure of herniated intestines to return to the body cavity during development
what are the layers covering an omphalocele?
- peritoneum
- amnion of umbilical cord
when does pyloric stenosis present? how?
- 2 weeks after birth
- projectile NONbilious vomiting
- visible peristalsis
- olive like mass in abdomen
is vomit from pyloric stenosis bilious or nonbilious?
nonbilious
what cells produce the mucin layer of the stomach?
foveolar cells
a cushing ulcer is due to ____________
increased intracranial pressure (vagus nerve leads to increased acid production)
what is the cause of chronic autoimmune gastritis?
autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells (located in body and fundus)
the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune gastritis is mediated by what type of hypersensitivity?
type IV
chronic autoimmune gastritis predisposes to what type of cancer?
gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal type)
does chronic autoimmune gastritis lead to atrophy or hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa?
atrophy
what is the result of the achlorhydria seen in chronic autoimmune gastritis?
- increased gastrin
- antral G cell hyperplasia
what is the most common site of H. pylori infection?
antrum
what is the most common site of peptic ulcer disease?
proximal duodenum
what is the most common cause of duodenal ulcers?
h. pylori
epigastric pain what improves with meals - diagnosis?
DUODENAL ulcer
in PUD there is hypertrophy of _________
brunner glands
does PUD more commonly arise in the anterior or posterior duodenum?
anterior
if PUD arises in the posterior duodenum and ruptures, what vessels may be involved? what could result?
- gastroduodenal
- acute pancreatitis
epigastric pain that worsens with meals - diagnosis?
GASTRIC ulcer
what is the most common site of a gastric ulcer?
lesser curvature of antrum
rupture of agastric ulcer carries the risk of bleeding from what artery?
left gastric
benign or malignant peptic ulcer?
small, sharply demarcated (“punched out”) and surrounded by radiating folds of mucosa
benign
benign or malignant peptic ulcer?
large and irregular with heaped up margins
malignant
gastric carcinoma is a malignant proliferation of ___________________
surface columnar epithelial cells (adenocarcinoma)
intestinal type gastric carcinoma usually involves what area of the stomach?
lesser curvature of antrum
which type of gastric cancer is associated with signet ring cells?
diffuse type
what is desmoplasia?
cancer plus reaction of stroma
linitis plastica is seen in what type of gastric cancer?
diffuse type carcinoma
which type of gastric cancer is associated with h. pylori?
intestinal
gastric cancer spread can be located to what important lymph node?
left supraclavicular (virchow)
what is the histological cell type seen in diffuse type gastric carcinoma?
signet ring cell
what is a sister mary joseph nodule? in which type of cancer is it seen?
- periumbilical region
- INTESTINAL type gastric carcinoma
what is virchows node? in which type of cancer is it seen?
- left supraclavicular
- gastric cancer
what is a krukenberg tumor? in which type of cancer is it seen?
- bilateral ovary tumors (metastases)
- DIFFUSE gastric carcinoma
