10.4 - Stomach

Question 1

gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the ______________ leading to exposure of _____________

Answer 1

• anterior abdominal wall

- abdominal contents

Question 2

what is an omphalocele? what is the cause?

Answer 2

• persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord

- failure of herniated intestines to return to the body cavity during development

Question 3

what are the layers covering an omphalocele?

Answer 3

• peritoneum

- amnion of umbilical cord

Question 4

when does pyloric stenosis present? how?

Answer 4

• 2 weeks after birth
• projectile NONbilious vomiting
• visible peristalsis
• olive like mass in abdomen

Question 5

is vomit from pyloric stenosis bilious or nonbilious?

Answer 5

nonbilious

Question 6

what cells produce the mucin layer of the stomach?

Answer 6

foveolar cells

Question 7

a cushing ulcer is due to ____________

Answer 7

increased intracranial pressure (vagus nerve leads to increased acid production)

Question 8

what is the cause of chronic autoimmune gastritis?

Answer 8

autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells (located in body and fundus)

Question 9

the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune gastritis is mediated by what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 9

type IV

Question 10

chronic autoimmune gastritis predisposes to what type of cancer?

Answer 10

gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal type)

Question 11

does chronic autoimmune gastritis lead to atrophy or hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa?

Answer 11

atrophy

Question 12

what is the result of the achlorhydria seen in chronic autoimmune gastritis?

Answer 12

• increased gastrin

- antral G cell hyperplasia

Question 13

what is the most common site of H. pylori infection?

Answer 13

antrum

Question 14

what is the most common site of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 14

proximal duodenum

Question 15

what is the most common cause of duodenal ulcers?

Answer 15

h. pylori

Question 16

epigastric pain what improves with meals - diagnosis?

Answer 16

DUODENAL ulcer

Question 17

in PUD there is hypertrophy of _________

Answer 17

brunner glands

Question 18

does PUD more commonly arise in the anterior or posterior duodenum?

Answer 18

anterior

Question 19

if PUD arises in the posterior duodenum and ruptures, what vessels may be involved? what could result?

Answer 19

• gastroduodenal

- acute pancreatitis

Question 20

epigastric pain that worsens with meals - diagnosis?

Answer 20

GASTRIC ulcer

Question 21

what is the most common site of a gastric ulcer?

Answer 21

lesser curvature of antrum

Question 22

rupture of agastric ulcer carries the risk of bleeding from what artery?

Answer 22

left gastric

Question 23

benign or malignant peptic ulcer?

small, sharply demarcated (“punched out”) and surrounded by radiating folds of mucosa

Answer 23

benign

Question 24

benign or malignant peptic ulcer?

large and irregular with heaped up margins

Answer 24

malignant

Question 25

gastric carcinoma is a malignant proliferation of ___________________

Answer 25

surface columnar epithelial cells (adenocarcinoma)

Question 26

intestinal type gastric carcinoma usually involves what area of the stomach?

Answer 26

lesser curvature of antrum

Question 27

which type of gastric cancer is associated with signet ring cells?

Answer 27

diffuse type

Question 28

what is desmoplasia?

Answer 28

cancer plus reaction of stroma

Question 29

linitis plastica is seen in what type of gastric cancer?

Answer 29

diffuse type carcinoma

Question 30

which type of gastric cancer is associated with h. pylori?

Answer 30

intestinal

Question 31

gastric cancer spread can be located to what important lymph node?

Answer 31

left supraclavicular (virchow)

Question 32

what is the histological cell type seen in diffuse type gastric carcinoma?

Answer 32

signet ring cell

Question 33

what is a sister mary joseph nodule? in which type of cancer is it seen?

Answer 33

• periumbilical region

- INTESTINAL type gastric carcinoma

Question 34

what is virchows node? in which type of cancer is it seen?

Answer 34

• left supraclavicular

- gastric cancer

Question 35

what is a krukenberg tumor? in which type of cancer is it seen?

Answer 35

• bilateral ovary tumors (metastases)

- DIFFUSE gastric carcinoma