12.9 - Lower urinary tract carcinoma

Question 1

urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from the urothelial lining of what GU structures?

Answer 1

• renal pelvis
• ureter
• bladder
• urethra

Question 2

what is the most common type of lower urinary tract cancer?

Answer 2

urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma

Question 3

urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma arises via what 2 pathways?

Answer 3

1. flat - high grade flat tumor THEN invades (associated with p53 mutations)
2. papillary - low grade THEN high grade THEN invades

Question 4

which pathway / type of urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma is associated with p53 mutations?

Answer 4

flat - high grade flat tumor THEN invades

Question 5

squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder usually arises in a background of what process?

Answer 5

squamous metaplasia

Question 6

what are risk factors for SCC of the bladder?

Answer 6

• chronic cystitis
• schistosoma haematobium infection (Egyptian male)
• long standing nephrolithiasis

Question 7

an Egyptian male with urinary symptoms should raise suspicions for:

Answer 7

SCC of the bladder (schistosoma haematobium infection)

Question 8

bladder adenocarcinoma can arise from what embryological structure?

Answer 8

urachal remnant (dome of bladder)

Question 9

cystitis glandularis can lead to what type of bladder cancer?

Answer 9

adenocarcinoma

Question 10

bladder extrophy can lead to what type of bladder cancer?

Answer 10

adenocarcinoma

Question 11

epispadias can lead to what type of bladder cancer?

Answer 11

adenocarcinoma (via extrophy)