9.3 - Pulmonary infections Flashcards
what is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia?
- s. pneumo (95%)
- klebsiella (5%)
what are the gross phases of lobar pneumonia?
- congestion
- red hepatization
- gray hepatization
- resolution
what causes the congestion phase of lobar pneumonia?
congested vessels and edema
what causes the red hepatization of lobar pneumonia?
- exudate
- neutrophils
- hemorrhage
what causes the gray hepatization of lobar pneumonia?
degradation of RBCs within the exudate
scattered patchy consolidation centered around bronchioles, often multifocal and bilateral - diagnosis?
bronchopneumonia
aspiration pneumonia is most often due to anaerobic bacteria originating from the ___________
oropharynx
which oropharyngeal organisms are responsible for aspiration pneumonia?
- bacteroides
- fusobacterium
- peptococcus
where does aspiration pneumonia usually arise?
right lower lobe abscess
what organism is responsible for pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?
pseudomonas
a patient has pneumonia that was contracted via a contaminated water source - what stain can be used to visualize the organism?
silver stain (Legionella)
how is coxiella burnetti different from other rickettsiae?
- causes pneumonia
- does not require arthropod vector for transmission
- does not produce a skin rash
how does primary TB present?
focal, caseating necrosis in the lower lobe of the lung and hilar lymph nodes that undergoes fibrosis and calcification (Ghon complex)
where does secondary TB occur?
apex
how does primary TB present? secondary?
PRIMARY:
- generally asymptomatic (but positive PPD)
SECONDARY:
- fevers
- night sweats
- cough with hemoptysis
- weight loss
what are the common sites of spread for secondary TB?
- meninges (meningitis)
- cervical lymph nodes
- kidneys (sterile pyuria)
- lumbar vertebrae (Pott disease)
