12.6 - Nephrolithiasis Flashcards
1
Q
what is the most common cause of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate kidney stones?
A
idiopathic hypercalciuria
2
Q
what is the treatment for calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate kidney stones?
A
hydrochlorothiazide diuretics
3
Q
what is the most common cause of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?
A
urease positive organisms (proteus, kleb)
4
Q
_____________ (acidic / alkaline) urine leads to stone formation in ammonium magnesium phosphate stones
A
alkaline
5
Q
uric acid stones are _____________ (radiolucent / radioopaque)
A
radiolucent
6
Q
what are the risk factors for uric acid stones?
A
- hot, arid climates
- low urine volume
- acidic pH
7
Q
what is the treatment for uric acid stones?
A
- hydration
- alkalinization of urine (KHCO3)
- allopurinol