12.6 - Nephrolithiasis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate kidney stones?

A

idiopathic hypercalciuria

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2
Q

what is the treatment for calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate kidney stones?

A

hydrochlorothiazide diuretics

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3
Q

what is the most common cause of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?

A

urease positive organisms (proteus, kleb)

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4
Q

_____________ (acidic / alkaline) urine leads to stone formation in ammonium magnesium phosphate stones

A

alkaline

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5
Q

uric acid stones are _____________ (radiolucent / radioopaque)

A

radiolucent

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6
Q

what are the risk factors for uric acid stones?

A
  • hot, arid climates
  • low urine volume
  • acidic pH
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7
Q

what is the treatment for uric acid stones?

A
  • hydration
  • alkalinization of urine (KHCO3)
  • allopurinol
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