12.5 - Urinary tract infection

Question 1

what is the gold standard test for cystitis? what is a positive test?

Answer 1

• culture

- more than 100,000 CFUs

Question 2

what are the top 5 most common etiologies of cystitis?

Answer 2

1. e. coli
2. staph sapro
3. kleb pneumo
4. proteus mirabilis
5. enterococcus faecalis

Question 3

young, sexually active women have an increased risk of cystitis caused by what organism?

Answer 3

staph sapro (e. coli is still more common)

Question 4

alkaline urine with an ammonia scent in the background of cystitis - organism?

Answer 4

proteus mirabilis

Question 5

sterile pyuria with a negative urine culture suggests urethritis by what organisms?

Answer 5

• c. trachomatis

- n. gonorrhoeae

Question 6

what is the dominant presenting sign of urethritis?

Answer 6

dysuria

Question 7

what are the top three most common organisms responsible for pyelonephritis?

Answer 7

• e. coli
• enterococcus faecalis
• klebsiella spp

Question 8

what are the sequalae of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

• intersitial fibrosis
• tubular atrophy
• cortical scarring with blunted calyces
• scarring at upper and lower poles

Question 9

scarring at the upper and lower poles of the kidney is characteristic of what cause of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 9

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 10

vesicoureteral reflux can lead to what condition in the background of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 10

scarring at upper and lower poles

Question 11

“thyroidization” of the kidney is seen in what condition?

Answer 11

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 12

what kind of casts can be seen in chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 12

waxy casts