8.3 - Congenital defects Flashcards

1
Q

what is eisenmenger syndrome? what are the symptoms?

A
  • increased pulmonary resistance eventually results in reversal of shunt, leading to late cyanosis
  • cyanosis
  • RV hypertrophy
  • polycythemia
  • clubbing
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2
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome has what cardiac defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?

A
  • VSD

- L-to-R

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3
Q

what is the most common type of ASD?

A

ostium secundum

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4
Q

what type of ASD is associated with Down syndrome? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?

A
  • ostium primum

- L-to-R

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5
Q

what does a secundum primum ASD sound like on auscultation?

A

split S2 (increased blood in right heart delays closure of pulmonary valve)

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6
Q

congenital rubella is associated with what heart defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?

A
  • PDA

- L-to-R

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7
Q

cyanosis of lower extremities - what congenital heart defect?

A

PDA (if it progresses to eisenmenger syndrome)

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8
Q

machine like murmur

A

PDA

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9
Q

what does a PDA sound like on auscultation?

A

machine like

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10
Q

what is the treatment for PDA? what is the MOA?

A

indomethacin - decreases PGE, resulting in PDA closure

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11
Q

what can maintain patency of a PDA?

A

PGE

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12
Q

what are the components of tetralogy of fallot?

A
  1. stenosis of RV outflow tract
  2. RVH
  3. VSD
  4. overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
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13
Q

is tetralogy of fallot a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?

A

R-to-L

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14
Q

what determines the extent of cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?

A

degree of RV outflow stenosis

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15
Q

what does squatting do for tetralogy of fallot?

A
  • increases arterial resistance

- decreases shunting and allows more blood to reach lungs

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16
Q

boot shaped heart on XR - diagnosis?

A

tetralogy of fallot

17
Q

maternal diabetes can lead to what cardiac defect?

A

transposition of great vessels

18
Q

what treatment should be performed at birth for transposition of the great vessels?

A

PGE to maintain PDA until surgery

19
Q

what is the etiology of truncus arteriosus?

A

failure of truncus to divide

20
Q

tricuspid atresia is often associated with what other cardiac abnormality? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L? how does it present?

A
  • ASD
  • R-to-L
  • early cyanosis
21
Q

infantile coarctation of the aorta is associated with what other cardiac defect? where does the coarctation lie?

A
  • PDA

- distal to aortic arch but before PDA

22
Q

infantile coarctation of the aorta is associated with ________ syndrome

A

turner

23
Q

where does the coarctation lie in adult coarctation of the aorta?

A

distal to aortic arch

24
Q

notching of ribs on XR - diagnosis?

A

coarctation of the aorta

25
Q

adult coarctation of the aorta is associated with what other cardiac abnormality?

A

bicuspid aortic valve