8.3 - Congenital defects Flashcards
what is eisenmenger syndrome? what are the symptoms?
- increased pulmonary resistance eventually results in reversal of shunt, leading to late cyanosis
- cyanosis
- RV hypertrophy
- polycythemia
- clubbing
fetal alcohol syndrome has what cardiac defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- VSD
- L-to-R
what is the most common type of ASD?
ostium secundum
what type of ASD is associated with Down syndrome? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- ostium primum
- L-to-R
what does a secundum primum ASD sound like on auscultation?
split S2 (increased blood in right heart delays closure of pulmonary valve)
congenital rubella is associated with what heart defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- PDA
- L-to-R
cyanosis of lower extremities - what congenital heart defect?
PDA (if it progresses to eisenmenger syndrome)
machine like murmur
PDA
what does a PDA sound like on auscultation?
machine like
what is the treatment for PDA? what is the MOA?
indomethacin - decreases PGE, resulting in PDA closure
what can maintain patency of a PDA?
PGE
what are the components of tetralogy of fallot?
- stenosis of RV outflow tract
- RVH
- VSD
- overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
is tetralogy of fallot a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
R-to-L
what determines the extent of cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
degree of RV outflow stenosis
what does squatting do for tetralogy of fallot?
- increases arterial resistance
- decreases shunting and allows more blood to reach lungs