8.3 - Congenital defects Flashcards
what is eisenmenger syndrome? what are the symptoms?
- increased pulmonary resistance eventually results in reversal of shunt, leading to late cyanosis
- cyanosis
- RV hypertrophy
- polycythemia
- clubbing
fetal alcohol syndrome has what cardiac defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- VSD
- L-to-R
what is the most common type of ASD?
ostium secundum
what type of ASD is associated with Down syndrome? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- ostium primum
- L-to-R
what does a secundum primum ASD sound like on auscultation?
split S2 (increased blood in right heart delays closure of pulmonary valve)
congenital rubella is associated with what heart defect? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
- PDA
- L-to-R
cyanosis of lower extremities - what congenital heart defect?
PDA (if it progresses to eisenmenger syndrome)
machine like murmur
PDA
what does a PDA sound like on auscultation?
machine like
what is the treatment for PDA? what is the MOA?
indomethacin - decreases PGE, resulting in PDA closure
what can maintain patency of a PDA?
PGE
what are the components of tetralogy of fallot?
- stenosis of RV outflow tract
- RVH
- VSD
- overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
is tetralogy of fallot a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L?
R-to-L
what determines the extent of cyanosis in tetralogy of fallot?
degree of RV outflow stenosis
what does squatting do for tetralogy of fallot?
- increases arterial resistance
- decreases shunting and allows more blood to reach lungs
boot shaped heart on XR - diagnosis?
tetralogy of fallot
maternal diabetes can lead to what cardiac defect?
transposition of great vessels
what treatment should be performed at birth for transposition of the great vessels?
PGE to maintain PDA until surgery
what is the etiology of truncus arteriosus?
failure of truncus to divide
tricuspid atresia is often associated with what other cardiac abnormality? is it a L-to-R shunt or R-to-L? how does it present?
- ASD
- R-to-L
- early cyanosis
infantile coarctation of the aorta is associated with what other cardiac defect? where does the coarctation lie?
- PDA
- distal to aortic arch but before PDA
infantile coarctation of the aorta is associated with ________ syndrome
turner
where does the coarctation lie in adult coarctation of the aorta?
distal to aortic arch
notching of ribs on XR - diagnosis?
coarctation of the aorta
adult coarctation of the aorta is associated with what other cardiac abnormality?
bicuspid aortic valve
