Wed Wk 3 MSK Flashcards
digital clubbing esp assc w __ lung carcinom, Tb, CF, B__ and pHTN
cyanotic congenital __ disease
may be due to failed __ precursors to fragment into platelets
megakaryocytes/platelet clumps accumlate, releasing __ and VEGF resulting in clubbing
inc levels of PG__ is also seen
DMARDs include M, S, H, M, TNF a inhibs
promote __ control, but take a long time to work
thus, tx w __/__ in acute setting
Large cell, bronchiectasis heart platelet PDGF E2
MTX, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, minocycline
long term
GC, NSAIDs
spine x ray in Ankylosing Spondylitis shows sclerosis, ligamentous \_\_ and vertebral fusion HLA B27 is class \_\_ HLA protein found on all nucleated cells and present antigens to \_\_ t cells
HLA class 2 include DR, DP, and \_\_ found on \_\_ presenting cells presenting to CD4 t cells assc w Rheumatoid \_\_, type \_\_ DM, and \_\_ disease
calcification
1
CD8
DQ
antigen
arthritis, 1, celiac
pt w direct blow to anterior aspect of knee may have __ fracture
normally fxns in knee __ and protection, aiding in nourishment
pt has swelling, and palpable __ in extensor mechanism
MCL tear indicated by positive __ stress test
role of ATP in skeletal/cardiac muscle contraction is to release __ from actin, allowing a conformtional change
allows myosin to __ next time it binds actin
if ATP is not present, cross bridge __ w rigor mortis
myosin light chain kinase is necessary to phosphorylate myosin __ to bind actin in SMOOTH muscle
patellar
extension
gap
valgus
ATP
bind
persists
light chain
pt w recurrent episodes of uric acid stones needs prophylactic therapy w XO Inhibs A, F
these dec __ prodxn, and must be avoided in acute attack
second line is uricosuric drug like P__
inc excretion of __ and are contraindicated in pt w renal stones
most important factors in OC differentation are M__ and RANKL
RANK and RANKL interaction is blocked by OPG acting as decoy receptor
dec bone __ and inc density
bone turnover is dependent on ratio of __/__
estrogen promotes __ and inhibits RANKL
allopurinol, fuboxestat
UA
probenecid
UA
MCSF osteoprotegerin breakdown OPG/RANKL OPG
Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis affects __ only
occurs w drugs like P/C. S, P, A
nonblanching __ purpura on LE
markedly inflamed BV w fibrinoid __
high pop of __ w leukocytoclastic vasculitis
E__ is panniculitis of subq fat
painful lesions on __
widened CT septae due to __ infiltration/exudation
followed by __ infiltration w septal fibrosis
localized bone pain, low grade fever, recent staph infection indicate vertebral __
usually due to __ dissemination
w age, arteries may develop __ anatomy, allowing for bacteria to penetrate marrow
when due to intravascular devices, think S or P
dx w blood __ and MRI
skin penicillin, cephalosporin, sulfonamides, phenytoin, allopurinol palpable necrosis PMN
erythema nodosum, LE
PMN
giant cell
osteomyelitis heme corkscrew staph, pseudomonas cultures
Type 4 HS rxn involves cutaneous exposure to small __ molecules binding skin proteins
processed by L__ cells and taken to LN w development of hapten specific T cells
upon subsequent exposure, T cells release __ to produce reaction
differentiate liver/bone ALP via E__ and specific monoclonal __
bone specific ALP denatured by __
measure OC activity via urinary Deoxy__ which normally cross links collagen
also see relatively higher hyroxy __
may also see __ resistant acid phosphatase
hapten
langerhaans
cytokines
electrophoresis, antibodies
heat
pyridinoline, proline, tartrate
monitor AS pt for __ involvement, as thoracic spine/enthesopathies limit chest expansion w hypoventilation
can have ascending __ w dilated aortic ring/insufficiency
can get anterior __ w pain, blurred visin, photophoia, erythema
__ range of motion is usually dec w bursae injury
acute pain/tenderness w repetitive anterior knee trauma from kneeling has __ bursitis
anerine bursitis is found in anteriomedial __ margin of knee
usually from obesity or __
Popliteal B__ cyst are caused by swelling of gastrocnemius/semimembranous bursa
extruded _ fluid from knee in OA/IJD
respiratory
aortitis
uveitis
active
prepatellar
joint
overuse
bakers
synovial fluid
__ is most common tendon injured in rotator cuff syndrome
impinged by head of __ w acromion
isolate w empty can test by abducting __ and flexing forward
full internal rotation of __
Procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid are metabolized via phase 2 __ in liver
slow acetylators are predisposed to __
GCA involves __ immunity
high numbers of T cells, macros, giant cells due to __ cytokine
can tx w anti-IL 6 T_
supraspinatus
humerus
humerus
thumbs
acetylation
DILE
cell mediated
IL 6
tocilizumab
__ ankle ligaments are weaker than medial
most common injury is to __ ligament, w anterolateral aspect involved
medial deltoid ligament is more likely injured via __ of medial malleolus
MTX preferentially inhibits __ dividing cells
thus, toxicity occurs in oral/gastric __, hair follicles, and bone marrow
also leads to PF and H__
M__ is tetracycline antibiotic w antirheumatic activity
se is __ dermatitis
lateral
anterior talofibular
fracture
rapidly
mucosa, hepatotoxicity
minocycline
photosensitivity
only use GC after __/__
Muscular dystrophy is due to __ in gene encoding for dystrophin on X chromosome
frameshift deletion results in __
same frame deletion results in truncated protein in __
dystrophin normally links actin to __ proteins connected to the ECM
segmental __/__ of fibers w resulting atrophy/hypertrophy
CMT dz is due to mutation in gene responsible for _ synthesis
NSAIDs, colchicine
deletions DMD BMD transmembrane degeneration/regeneration
myelin
trendelenburg gait occurs w injury to contralateral __ nerve
found in the __ quadrant of the buttock
supero__ and antero__ gluteal regions are preferred for injections
trabecular bone is less common but more __ due to large SA
osteoporosis affects __ bone, leading to thinning and loss of interconnecting bridges
Pagets has defective __ formation w inc remodeling
mosaic pattern of bone w irregular sections of __ bone w prominent cement lines
SGN
superomedial
laterla, lateral
active
trabecular
osteoid
woven
Osteopetrosis is seen w recurrent __ and deformities w hematologic cytopenia
inc bone resorption of cortico bone w subperiosteal thinning/cystic degenration seen in __ as OFC
Type 1 collagen is predominant form in __ produced by OB
impaired bone remdeling is characteristic of o__
fractures
hyperPTH
osteoid
osteosclerosis
Radial head subluxation due to pull w forearm __ and elbow extended
_ ligament tears from its periosteal attachment at radial neck
slides over radius into __ joint and is trapped
pt presents w arm close to body and elbow __ w pronation
Ulnar/radial __ ligaments connect to the humerus
sarcoidosis can present w anterior/posterior __ and lofgren sydnrome
look for high urine/serum _
pronated
annular
radiohumeral
extended
collateral
uveitis
Ca
sciatic foramen is divided into greater/lesser foramina by the S__ ligament
greater sciatic foramen is mostly occupied via P__ muscle
superior gluteal V__/N__ run above
below is the inferior G__/P__ vessels and sciatic nerve
w hypertrophy of piriformis, can compress nerve leading to pain, tingling, __ like sciatica
piriformis is needed in __ hip rotation
sacrospinous piriformis vssels, nerve gluteal, pudendal numbness
external
antibody for CREST __
antibody for Systemic sclerosis is anti __ Scl 70
pt w dry eyes, dry mouth, parotid gland enlargement and other AI cx has __
Lambert Eaton may be assc w __ sx like dry mouth/impotence
usually have Hypo__
w fracture clavicle, upward/posterior pull of medial fragment occurs via __ muscle
weight of arm/pec __ pull lateral fragment inferior/anterior
anti-centromere
DNA topo1
sjogren syndrome
autonomic
reflexia
sternocleidomastoid
major
