Saturday Week 1 SA Portion 1 Flashcards

1
Q

trauma, symmetric pulm opacities, normal heart suggests __ as dx
caused by injury/inflamm of alveolar P__ and pulm __

initially, PMN recruited and release __ resulting in damage
inc capillary __ allowing fluid into alveoli and dec surfactant prodxn
ultimately, protein rich fluid enters forming __ membranes

A

ARDS
pneumocytes, infiltrates

mediators
perm
hyaline

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2
Q

DN occurs w dense __ deposits in __ arterioles
__ expansion, GBM __ and glomerular __

__ is assc w medial F__ and absent internal elastic __ w areas of dilation

__ abuse results in thickening of vasa recta capillaries and intermittent tubular necrosis

A

hyaline, glomerular
mesangial, thickening, sclerosis

RAS, fibroplasia, media

analgesic

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3
Q

cardiac impulse generated from the __ node
located in __ wall near SVC
propagates through atrial __ at fast rate

action potential carried to the __ node, near the interatrial septum of TC orifice
conduction is ___, delaying the impulse for __ to occur

next, enters __ and __/__ BB
located on __ septum
travels __ in these regions

after leaving PF, AP goes through ventricular __
ventricles contract in __ fasion

A

SA
SA
myocardium

AV
slowest
LV filling

Bundle of His, L/R
interventricular
fastest

myocardium
bottom up

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4
Q

conduction speed is higher in __ muscle compared to ventricular

Pagets dz of bone asc w \_\_ tumor
found in F/T/H
destroyed trabecular bone, mixed \_\_/\_\_ areas
periosteal \_\_ formation and \_\_ cortex
pathognomonic \_\_ triangle/_ pattern

Avascular necrosis caused by __ use
pathonogmonic __ sign for subchondral collapse

Osteopetrosis radiographic findings of generalized __

A

atrial

osteosarcoma
femur/tibia/ humerus
radiodense/radiolucent
new bone
elevated
codman/sunburst

GC
crescent

osteoscerlosis

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5
Q

__ sensation occurs w foreign body sticking/tight/full throat

worse when swallowing __ and better w __/__
__ type disorder, no _ abnroms
assc w A__
should have no __ sx

__ palsy seen in MS
D/D/D and impaired movement of __ muscles

__ goiter can occur as thyroid grows into thoracic cavity
may compress __ but not esophagus

A

globus

saliva, food/drink
functional, structure
anxiety
other

psuedobulbar
dysphagia, dysphonia, dysarthria, face

substernal
airways

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6
Q

MSU crystals normally coat apolipoprotein __/__
w inc levels, become exposed to __ antibodies
ab binding leads to release of __ and influx of PMN/macros

__ occurs w endometrial glands/stroma outside uterus
can be due to __ menstruation
__ growth via lymph/vasc system
or coelomic __

most commonly occurs in __
__ cyst forms, w fibrotic wall and surface ___
biopsy shows endometrial __/__

A

E/B
IgG
IL1

endometriosis
retro
metastatic
metalasia

ovaries
chocolate
adhesions
glands/stroma

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7
Q

endometrisosi rf- early __, short __, long __
dys___/I/pelvic __

tx w N/O/L

__ occurs w endometrial tissue/stroma in myometrium
look for __ cells

__ is benign tumor w whorled pattern of SM and CT

__ arisis from germ cells
can have meso-endo-__ tissue

A

menarche, cycles, menses
menorrhea, infert, pain

NSAID, OCP, laparoscopy

adenomysosis
SM

leiomyomas

mature cystic teramtoma
ectoderm

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8
Q

provitamin __ is found in veggies
__ vitamin A is found in animal sources
do not supplement __ during preg
__ has no risk of toxicity

excess VA is teratogenic in the __ trimester
halts __, leding to spontaneous abortion/fetal defects
M__, __ anomalies, early __ closur

__ found in meat/fish

A

A
preformed
VA
provitamin A

1s
organogenesis

microcephaly, cardiac, epiphyseal

Iron

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9
Q

O__ inhibits neuraminidases in influenza A/B
prevents __

Amantadine prevents viral __ of infleuzna
no longer ___

protein that undergoes posttranslational celavage
synthesize __ polypeptide w S__/P__ sequences
removal of nonfunxal polypeptides sequences then occurs via ___

examples include C__ and __/other zymogens

A

oseltamivir
release
assembly
used

large, signal/protective
endonucleases

collagen, tryspin

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10
Q

appearance of DNA frags in multipless at 180 base pairs known as DNA __
sensitive for __
occurs when __ w/drawn from cell line
arises via action of e__ during karryorhexis

seen in __ that can evade apoptosis
usually occurs via overexpression of __
follicular lymphomas assc w __ translocaton

activation of muscarinic __ receptors by Ach leads to bronchial smooth muscle __

A

laddering
apoptosis
IL
endonucleases

tumor cells
BCL2
14, 18

M3
constriction

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11
Q

benzos like D/M undergo hepatic __ reduction
benzos like L undergo hepatic __ conjugation

elderly indiv have slowed __ of benzos
higher likelihood of A/C/psychomotor __

__ weed consists of atropine/scopolamine/hyoscamine, leading to anticholinergic syndrome

Anticholingergic syndrome can be seen w Anti__, anti__, anti__ like dicyclomine/hyoscamine, and T__

A

diazepam/midazolam, oxidative
lorazepam, glucuronide

metabolism
amnesia, confusion, retard

jimson

histamines, psych, spasmodics, TCAs

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12
Q

__ is presence of genetically different cell lines
usully due to mutation in early stages of __ development
earlier mutation results in __ cells affected
germline mutation occurs in o/s
expect in presence of affected __ but __ parents

__ is prob that a person w genotupe will exhibit phenotype
high penetrance will have __

__ is presence of multiple, unrelated phenotypes as a result of single gene defect

__ mutations are not passed to offspring

A
mosaicism
embryo
more
oocytes/sperm
offspring, normal

penetrance
signs

pleiotropy

somatic

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13
Q

Auer rods are seen in AML, esp __ variant
pt will have P__ and possible D__

__ seen w tumor cells w round nuclei, basophilic cytoplasm and prominent lipid vacuoles
translocation __

__ seen w anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphoblasts
translocationis __

__ seen w malignant cells that are clefted
translocation is __

A

APL
pancytopenia, DIC

burkitt lymph
8, 14

ALL
12, 21

follicular lymphoma
14,18

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14
Q

__ is produced exclusively by T cells
Il2/IL2R require for __ prolif

__ is produced by monos

__ are adhesion molecules binding epithelial cells together w tissues
interact intracellularly w __ proteins/__ filaments/__ filaments

cadherin can bind other cadherins to form __ jxn or D__
binding is __ dependent

___ found on basement membrane
structures rely on __

A

IL2
T cell

Il1

cadherins
intermediate/intermediate/micro

adherens, desmosomes
Ca

hemidesmosomes
integrins

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15
Q
\_\_ dx w firm, flesh colored papules on skin/MM
\_\_ centers
caused by _ virus via direct contact
epidermal hyperplasia w \_\_ bodies
large eosinophilic _ of virus particles

histopathology of __ shows enlarged cells w IN inclusions
ballooning multinucleated __ cells

__ seen w basaloid cells and hyperchromitc nuclei
cells on periphery called __

verruca vulgaris biopsy shows underlying epidermal hyperplasia, enlarged __ and vacuoles
perinuclear __

A
molluscum contagiosum
umbilicated
pox
molluscum
inclusions

HSV
giant

BCC
palisaidng

nuclei
halos

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16
Q

__ chyme into duodnum triggers GB to release __ and s cells of duodenum to produce __
this leads to pancreas releasing __ to protect duodenum
Secretin also promotes __ release by panc B cells
stimulated by __ NS

A

acidic, bile, Secretin
bicarb
insulin
parasympathetic

17
Q

injury to popliteal fossa w posterior dislocation can impact __ artery
vessel fixed to proximal/distal joint by adductor __ and __
also can impact __ nerve and __ nerves

Popliteal vein found ___

saphenous nerve innervates __ leg and runs along side vein

A

popliteal
magnus, soleus
tibial
common peroneal

deeper

medial

18
Q

__ is polymicrobial uterine infection
occurs most often after __ delivery
sx include __ ab pain, mal__ discharge, __ tenderness and L__

__ is protective barrier to sterile upper genitals
w rupture of membrane/prolonged labor, cavity is __ w flora
foreign bodies/blood/sutures all result in __/__

latent VSZ found in dorsal root ganglion of ___ nerves

A

postpartum endometritis
cesarean
lower, odorous, focal, leukocytosis

cervix
contaminated
infection/inflammation

cutaneous snesory

19
Q

nummular ecxema occurs following exposure to __
pruritic, __ shaped lesion

TK dimerize and undergo __ to expose active sites

_ is a technique where physician repeats what pt has said to confirm understanding

A

irritant
coin

conform change

reflection

20
Q

pt w HA, nasal discharge, atrophic nasal mucosa, perforation of septum indicates __ use
also see __ ulcers, perforated __, osteolytic __

effects caused by local __ and sichemia

heminephrectomy results in __ and eventual rise of __ to 80% of baseline

A

cocaine
oropharyngeal, septum, sinusitis

vc

hypertrophy, GFR

21
Q

PDE5 inhibs like S release NO ane eventually __ in smooth muscle cells

this __ smooth muscle in the CC

engorged corpus __ maintains patency of urethra during ejac

A

sildenafil, cGMP

relaxes

spongiosum

22
Q

__ is slow growing suprasellar tumor
often __ around the OC
pt presents w HA, __ dysfxn and __ disturbs

__ muscle rotates scapula upward, allowing for __ of arm
paralysis results in impaired __ and __ of medial scapula

innervation via __ nerve
can be damaged in __ dissection or _ placement

A

craniopharyngioma
calcified
pituitary, visual

serratus anterior
abduction, winging

long thoracic
LN, chest tube

23
Q

exocrine pancreas secretes fluid, aqueous portion via __ cells and enzymatic portion via __ cells

exocrine sec have normal levels of __/__, but HCO3/Cl depend on __ and hormone __

at low rate, ductal cells secrete __ fluid w low bicarb and high Cl

w high flow (secretin), panc secretes fluid w high __ and low __

relationship maintained by __/__ exchanger on apical membrane

A

acinar, ductal

Na/K
flow rate, secretin

isotonic

HCO3, Cl

HCO3, Cl

24
Q

__ also releases slightly alkaline solutions
HCO3 greater than Cl, but __ also secreted

__ gland acinar cells secrete solution similar to plasma

__ disorder requires major mood episodes at baseline

Schizotypal PD charateried by perceptual distortion and ___ behavior
pt is __ and prefers to be _

A

ileum, K

salivary

schizoaffective

eccentric
detached
alone

25
Q

False positive rate is 1- __
characteristic of __ so it does not change w pop

HSV is leading cause of \_\_
HSV enters \_\_ tract and spreads to the \_\_ in the temoral lobe
look for F/H/S/AMS
may have H/\_\_ change, \_\_ behavior
look for edema/hemorrhage in the \_\_ lobe
dx w herpesirus in \_\_\_ via PCR

JC virus in HIV pt occurs w altered __ and __ deficits, A/visual changes
look for __ areas on MRI w white matter demyelination

A

specificity

encephlitis
olfactory, olfactory cortex
fever, HA, seizure, AMS
hallucinations, personality, psychotic
temporal

CSF

conciousness, motor, ataxia
multifocal

26
Q

in pt w encephalitis and myoclonus/rigidity, think __ virus as cause

Acute intermittent porphyria is AD defect in __ deaminase
__/__ will build up

brought on by ALA __ induction
can occur via P, __ inducers, __ use, smoking, F__
sx include vague/severe __ pain, motor/sensory __, I/A
urine is __ and darkens w __/__
pt lacks ___

A

west nile virus

porphobilinogen
ALA, PBG

synthase
progesterone, cyp450, alcohol, fasting
ab, neuropathy, insomnia/agitation
port wine, air/light

photosensitivity

27
Q

Porphyria Cutane Tarda caused by __ decarbox def
can be congenital or acquired via __ hydrocarbons, __ supplements or Hep __
main sx is ___

Congenital erythropoeietic porphyria due to ___ synthase def
photosensitivity as __, erythro__ and __ anemia

hereditary coproporphyria is similar to \_\_ but w cutaneous \_\_
def in coprophyrinogen 3 o\_\_
A

uroporphyrinogen
aromatic, estrogen, C
photosensitivity

uroporphyrinogen 3
infant, dontia, hemolytic

AIP, photosens
oxidase

28
Q

def in __ oxidase results in variegate porphyria, main manifestation is __ photosensitivity

def in __ results in erythropoietic protoporphyria
cutaneous __
also dec in __ poisonin

A

protoporphyrinogen
cutaneous

ferrochelatase
photosens
lead