Friday Heme 3 Flashcards
Methotrexate inhibs __ which reduces FA to THF
used in purine/__ synthesis
5FU inhibs DNA synth by inhibiting __ synthetase
difference is mtx prevents formatin of __
5FU binds THF/TS to dec __ available for thymidine synth
L is THF derivative that bypasses DHFR and can be used to reduce toxicity of MTX
5FU is less toxic, unless given w L__ which strengthens binding to TS
DHFR
thymidine
thymidylate
THF
enzyme
leucovorin
leucovorin
C/G are pyramidine analog antimetabolites
F__ is deamination resistant purine nucleotide analg
inhibits DNA __, primase, ligse and RN __
used to tx ___
Cachexia results in \_\_ TNF aka C\_\_ causes necrosis of tumors but also _ can also be due to IL \_\_ and _ influences hypothalamus to \_\_ appetite also inc \_\_
cytarabine, gemcitabine
Fludarabine
poly, reductase
CLL
wasting cachexin cachexia 1B and IL6 suppress basal metabolic rate
ionizing radiation causes cell death via DNA __ breakage and __ formation via ionizatiion of water
most effective on __ cells as they are rapidly proliferating
thus, also effect __ surfaces
cell death curve is __ on initial exposure
w more exposure, curve gets __
Adenine __ indicates the template strand
DS, free radical
maligant
epithelial
flat
steep
methylation
E__ use glycolysis as pathway for energy
ATP generated when 13BPG converted to 3phosphoglycerate by P__ kinase
RBC can use bisphosphoglycerate __ to form 23BPG wout producing ATP
more likely to occur w H/anemia of __
aids in __ to tissues
T cells go from __ neg to __ positive
after producing __, final step is loss of __ or _ antigen
erythrocytes phosphoglycerate mutase hypoxia, chronic dz O2 delivery
double, double
TCR, CD4/CD8
inflammatory leuk pathway
M__ w inc vasc leakage, improving contact w PMNs
R__ as PMN roll on endothelium
bind S__ or PSGL1 to __ or __/__ selectin
A__ as slow rolling allows leuks to sample chemokines to produce integrins
Tight __- PMN attach via binding of CD18 B2 integrins M/L to ICAM1
Trans__- PMN squeezes into the cell via PECAM
LAD type 3 is like type __ w severe __ infections, delayed separation of __ and __ comps
margination
rolling
siayl lewis X, L-selectin, E/P
activation
adhesion
Mac 1 or LFA1
migration
1, bacterial, umbilical cord, bleeding
HS due to plasma membrane mutation in A/S/B
most specific marker is inc __
can be inherited __
coombs test is __
inc osmotic __ on acidified glycerol lysis test
abnromal __ 5 maleimde binding test
Tx w __ supplements, __ transfusions and S__
can have __ gallstones and __ crisis from parvob19
ankyrin, spectrin, band 3 MCHC AD neg fragility eosin
folate, blood, splenectomy
pigmented, aplastic
dermatomyositis biopsy shows mononuclear __ infiltrates w perifascicular atrophy and patch necrosis
can be seen in O/L/C/N ca
O2 binding affinity inc after first __ binds Hb
w more bound O2, less sites are __
leftward shift occurs when Hb has __ for O2
perimysial
ovarian, lung, colorectal, NHL
1st
open
higher
B cells are released by the __
mature B cell goes to LN and become exposed to __
can become __ or form __ that is site of B cell proliferation
activated B cells can become __ cells, while majority form __ secreting PC
Isotype switching occurs in __
__ chain regions are isotype specific, and change upon binding of CD40 to CD40L
__ region is antigen specific
VDJ recomb occurs in the _
Tolerance in periphery result of a__
Neg/Pos selection occur in __ thymus
bone marrow antigen, IgM, germinal center memory, antibody germinal center Heavy light
bone marrow
fetal
Telomeres lie at end of chromo and have __ repeat DNA seq rich in G/T
if not present, __ is activated to promote apoptosis
Telomerase is __ DNA poly
produces telomeric __ to replace lost ends and allow continual dividing
normal cells do not have __ (except germ/stem cells)
cancer cells __
__ is expressed at G1 to promote proliferation
tandem p53 RNA dep DNA seq telomerase do
Cyclin D1
in MM, neoplastic B cells mature into __ w excessive production of Ig
susceptible to __ inhibs like bortezomib
Proteasomes act as __ for protein, breaking products down
w inhibition, toxic proteins __ while inc expression of __ proteins
F__ is GCSF analog
VB3 is necessary for FA __/___ via NAD/NADP
VK def presents w I__, __ tract, cutaneous/umbilical and __ site bleeds
tx w __ VK
essential cofactor for G
allows for carboxylation and formation of __ binding site
allows for attraction to __ charged phospholipids on platelets/endo cells
plasma cells
Proteosome
recycling
accumulate, proapoptotic
filgastrim
oxidation/synthesis
intracranial, GI, surgical
IM
gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Ca
neg
intracranial hemorrhage in infant presents w inc __ pressure
AMS, large __/__, downward __
suspect abusive head trauma w __ hemorrhage
CO can also bind cardiac __ impairing hearts use of O2
binds to __ oxidase to inhibit aerobic metab
NADH methehomglobin redctase generates __ from methemoblobin
if absent, results in congenital __
Aminocaproic acid is used to inhibit __ activators
FFP contains __ coag factors
Cryoprecipitate contains __ proteins
Factor __, Fibrinogen, __ and vitronectin
intracranial
head/fontanelle, eyes
myoglobin
cytochrome
hb
methemoglobinemia
plasminogne
all
8, vWF
DIC in pregnancy is mediated by __ found in trophoblast
released from placental __ to start the coag cascade
pt w vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, retroplacental hematoma, fetal demise has __ dx
result of severe __
number 1 cause of __ in preg
DIC also occurs in S, PPH, A
AFE assc w __ and cardio shock
DIC also occurs in acute _ of preg
microvesicular fatty infiltration impairs prodxn of __ factors
usually see N/V, ab pian and elevated ___
tissue factor/thromboplastin
injury
placental abbruption
HTN
DIC
sepsis, post partum hemorrhage, AF embolus
hypoTN
fatty liver
coag
lft
TLC can result in __ and arrhythmias
or uric acid precipitation in kidney w obstructive __ and acute renal failure
dec risk w aggressive __
R__ is urate oxidase, breaking down urate
A__ is XO inhib, prevents uric acid formation
Mesna used to prevent __ of cyclophosphamide
supplies __ group
hyperkalemia uropathy hydration rasburicase allopurinol
hemorrhagic cystitis
thiol
pO2 at which Hb is 50% saturated is __
if lower than normal, O2 curve has shifted to __
cannot release O2 to __, so compensatory erythrocytosis develops
pt is usually __
Osteolytic bone lesions are __ due to OC release
Osteblastic lesion appears __ due to OB
metastatic prostate cancer produces __ lesions
may have C/urinary sx
more common in __ men
confirm w __ and serum __
MM/NSCLC/Melanoma cause ___ lesions
p50
left
tissues
asx
lucent sclerotic sclerotic cachexia african american biopsy, PSA
lytic
mono usually has posterior __ or A__ LAN
atypical reactive __
drug resistance occurs w longstanding use of __ in HIV
due to high __ of genome
structural glycoproteins are encoded by HIV1 __ gene
viral evasion of immunity occurs w mutation in __ gene
mutation in __ gene responsible for resistance to ___ inhibs
change in HIV1 RT make enzyme reistant to __/__ RTI
HIV 1 can rapidly mutate epitopes recog by __, allowing for evasion of CMI
cervical, auricular
lymphocytosis
HAART mutation rate env env Pol protease N/NNT
CD8
