Misc 2 Flashcards
incomplete closure of the umbilical ring leads to ___
umbilical hernias are R and resolve ___
umbilical hernia
reducible, spontaneously
Down syndrome assc w D and U
duodenal atresia presents w __ and is usually __
look for __ on xray
uncomp umbilical hernias assc w D, B, hypo
duodenal atresia, umbilical hernia
vomiting, billious
double bubble
down syndrome, beckwith wideman, hypoThyroid
__ is midline herniation of ab contents w/in mesenteric sac
__ is full thickness ab defect w evisceration of ab contents at birth
omphalocele
gastroschisis
Pigmented gallstones composed of u__ and C__
usually __/__ in color
secondary to __/__ infections
think E/A/C
injured hepatocytes release __ to inc amount of unconj bilirubin
MCC in East asia is
unconj bilirubin, Ca salts
brown/black
bacterial, parasitic
e coli, ascaris, clonorchis
beta glucuronidase
clonorchis
pigmented stones can occur in absence of infection w H__ as beta glucuronidase __ bile
hemolytic anemia, deconjugates
distal gut atresias present w bowel __ rather than ___
intestinal atresias of J/I/proximal __ result from vasc occlusion
distal segment of ileum assumes __ config around ileocolic vessel
aka apple core with __ obs
dec intestinal perfusion then results in __ of bowel w S/O
distension, vomiting
jejunum, ileum, colon
spiral
SMA
ischemia, stenosis, obstruction
z gene beta galactosidase gene of lac operon responsible for __ of lactose
y gene permease response for __ to lactose
trxn/trsl of single mRNA molecule into multiple proteins called __
seen in P not E
hydrolysis
permeability
polycistronic
prokaryotes, eukaryotes
annular panc results from abnromal migration of __ bud, resulting in it surrounding the __
pancreas is f__ derived, rotates around __ to fuse w __ bud
uncinate process of head, main panc duct is __ bud
panc tail, body, rest of head is __ bud
sx include O or P
ventral, distal duodenum
foregut, duodenum, dorsal
ventral
dorsal
obs, pancreatitis
C5a recruits P/E/M/B
C3a recruits B/E
PMN, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils
baso, eosinophils
IL3 activated by T cells to stimulate growth/diff of stem cells in __
Leukotriene C4/D4/E4 triggers vaso__ and broncho__
bone marrow
constriction, spasm
mayo containing potato/macaroni salad may have __ toxin
S aureus releases exotoxin, resulting in T, S, G
starch/rice may have __ toxin
Staph aureus
TSS, SSS, gastroenteritis
B ceruleus
watery diarrhea seen w E/C produce exotoxin after ingestion
inflammatory diarrhea produce exotoxin after ingestion S/E
ETEC, cholera
shigella, EHEC
fatigue, FtT, vomiting seen in __ in newborns
__ accumulation responsivle for liver/kidney damage
due to def of ___ enzyme
pt is predisposed to __ sepsis
restrict __ and implement ___
galactosemia
G1P
GALT
gram neg rod
lactose, soymilk
spleen originates from M
F derived, supplied via __
trunk
mesoderm
foregut, celiac
D is mu opioid antidiarrheal
useful in slowing __
combine w __ to reduce dependence
may have ___ SE
use for __ not inflam diarrhea
motility
atropine
Anticholinergic
watery
L is similar to diphenoxylate
SE include dependence and E
loperamide
euphoria
__ and __ used for secretory diarrhea
bismuth, octreotide
Fibrates upregulate __ enzyme to inc oxidation of FA
inhibit __ enzyme, which is RLS of __ synthesis
dec __ of bile but inc risk of ___
LPL
7ahydroxylase
bile acid
solubility, gallstones
__ is used for HCV/RSV
n__ antimetabolite, stops __ of viral genetic material
leads to __ of RNA dep RNA polymerase, destroying it
thus, useful against __
Ribavirin monophosphate inactivates __ dehydrogenase, depleting __
ribivirin
nucleoside, duplication
methylation
HCV rna polymerase
IMP, GTP
Raltegravir is an __ inhibitor
can tx __
inhibits transport of __ into genome
integrase
HIV
dsDNA
Indinavir is a __ used for HIV
Enfuviritide is a __ inhibitor
used for __
stops __ into target cells
protease inhibitor
fusion
HIV
viral entry
Amantadine impairs uncoating of ___
influenza a
failed obliteration of the vitelline duct can lead to
V__ duct/cyst/sinus
M
vitelline
meckel diverticulum
eggs assc w __ infection
salmonella
RAS genes are __ type protein
inactive w __
active w ___
G coupled
GDP
GTP
Meckel diverticulum is true
thus has __/__/__
false diverticula contain __/__
seen in Z/D
mucosa, submucosa, musclaris
mucosa/submucosa
zenker/diverticulosis
Tc pertechnetate has affinity for __
used to diagnsosis __ when present in RLQ
parietal cells
MD
___ used in TCA/CAC
becomes FAD, converted to __, accepting 1 __
used w ___ dehydrogenase, converting __ to fumarate
G6PD uses __ as electron acceptor
riboflavin
FMN, electron
succinate, succinine
NADPH
__ is RLS of glycolsis
__ is only sugar that can bypass
fructose becomes F1P via
aldolase b can use F_ and __
converts to DHAP/glyceraldehyde, and DHAP advances ___
Phosphofructokinase
fructose
fructokinase
F16BP, F1P
glycolysis
SI __ is congenital obs of GI tract
pt w ab __ and __ vomiting
atresia
distension, billious
collapse of supraglottic structures w air is L
pt presents w ___
laryngomalacia
stridor
___ is hernation of ab viscera into thoracic cavity
pt will have RDS due to pulm __
__ abdomen and __ sounds in chest
diaphragmatic hernia
pulm hypoplasia
scaphoid, bowel sounds
