Misc 2

Question 1

incomplete closure of the umbilical ring leads to ___

umbilical hernias are R and resolve ___

Answer 1

umbilical hernia

reducible, spontaneously

Question 2

Down syndrome assc w D and U

duodenal atresia presents w __ and is usually __
look for __ on xray

uncomp umbilical hernias assc w D, B, hypo

Answer 2

duodenal atresia, umbilical hernia

vomiting, billious
double bubble

down syndrome, beckwith wideman, hypoThyroid

Question 3

__ is midline herniation of ab contents w/in mesenteric sac

__ is full thickness ab defect w evisceration of ab contents at birth

Answer 3

omphalocele

gastroschisis

Question 4

Pigmented gallstones composed of u__ and C__
usually __/__ in color

secondary to __/__ infections
think E/A/C

injured hepatocytes release __ to inc amount of unconj bilirubin

MCC in East asia is

Answer 4

unconj bilirubin, Ca salts
brown/black

bacterial, parasitic
e coli, ascaris, clonorchis

beta glucuronidase

clonorchis

Question 5

pigmented stones can occur in absence of infection w H__ as beta glucuronidase __ bile

Answer 5

hemolytic anemia, deconjugates

Question 6

distal gut atresias present w bowel __ rather than ___

intestinal atresias of J/I/proximal __ result from vasc occlusion

distal segment of ileum assumes __ config around ileocolic vessel

aka apple core with __ obs

dec intestinal perfusion then results in __ of bowel w S/O

Answer 6

distension, vomiting

jejunum, ileum, colon

spiral

SMA

ischemia, stenosis, obstruction

Question 7

z gene beta galactosidase gene of lac operon responsible for __ of lactose

y gene permease response for __ to lactose

trxn/trsl of single mRNA molecule into multiple proteins called __
seen in P not E

Answer 7

hydrolysis

permeability

polycistronic
prokaryotes, eukaryotes

Question 8

annular panc results from abnromal migration of __ bud, resulting in it surrounding the __

pancreas is f__ derived, rotates around __ to fuse w __ bud

uncinate process of head, main panc duct is __ bud

panc tail, body, rest of head is __ bud

sx include O or P

Answer 8

ventral, distal duodenum

foregut, duodenum, dorsal

ventral

dorsal

obs, pancreatitis

Question 9

C5a recruits P/E/M/B

C3a recruits B/E

Answer 9

PMN, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils

baso, eosinophils

Question 10

IL3 activated by T cells to stimulate growth/diff of stem cells in __

Leukotriene C4/D4/E4 triggers vaso__ and broncho__

Answer 10

bone marrow

constriction, spasm

Question 11

mayo containing potato/macaroni salad may have __ toxin

S aureus releases exotoxin, resulting in T, S, G

starch/rice may have __ toxin

Answer 11

Staph aureus

TSS, SSS, gastroenteritis

B ceruleus

Question 12

watery diarrhea seen w E/C produce exotoxin after ingestion

inflammatory diarrhea produce exotoxin after ingestion S/E

Answer 12

ETEC, cholera

shigella, EHEC

Question 13

fatigue, FtT, vomiting seen in __ in newborns
__ accumulation responsivle for liver/kidney damage
due to def of ___ enzyme

pt is predisposed to __ sepsis

restrict __ and implement ___

Answer 13

galactosemia
G1P
GALT

gram neg rod

lactose, soymilk

Question 14

spleen originates from M

F derived, supplied via __
trunk

Answer 14

mesoderm

foregut, celiac

Question 15

D is mu opioid antidiarrheal
useful in slowing __

combine w __ to reduce dependence

may have ___ SE

use for __ not inflam diarrhea

Answer 15

motility

atropine

Anticholinergic

watery

Question 16

L is similar to diphenoxylate

SE include dependence and E

Answer 16

loperamide

euphoria

Question 17

__ and __ used for secretory diarrhea

Answer 17

bismuth, octreotide

Question 18

Fibrates upregulate __ enzyme to inc oxidation of FA
inhibit __ enzyme, which is RLS of __ synthesis
dec __ of bile but inc risk of ___

Answer 18

LPL
7ahydroxylase
bile acid

solubility, gallstones

Question 19

__ is used for HCV/RSV
n__ antimetabolite, stops __ of viral genetic material

leads to __ of RNA dep RNA polymerase, destroying it

thus, useful against __

Ribavirin monophosphate inactivates __ dehydrogenase, depleting __

Answer 19

ribivirin
nucleoside, duplication

methylation

HCV rna polymerase

IMP, GTP

Question 20

Raltegravir is an __ inhibitor
can tx __
inhibits transport of __ into genome

Answer 20

integrase
HIV
dsDNA

Question 21

Indinavir is a __ used for HIV

Enfuviritide is a __ inhibitor
used for __
stops __ into target cells

Answer 21

protease inhibitor

fusion
HIV
viral entry

Question 22

Amantadine impairs uncoating of ___

Answer 22

influenza a

Question 23

failed obliteration of the vitelline duct can lead to
V__ duct/cyst/sinus
M

Answer 23

vitelline

meckel diverticulum

Question 24

eggs assc w __ infection

Answer 24

salmonella

Question 25

RAS genes are __ type protein
inactive w __
active w ___

Answer 25

G coupled
GDP
GTP

Question 26

Meckel diverticulum is true

thus has __/__/__

false diverticula contain __/__
seen in Z/D

Answer 26

mucosa, submucosa, musclaris

mucosa/submucosa
zenker/diverticulosis

Question 27

Tc pertechnetate has affinity for __

used to diagnsosis __ when present in RLQ

Answer 27

parietal cells

MD

Question 28

___ used in TCA/CAC
becomes FAD, converted to __, accepting 1 __

used w ___ dehydrogenase, converting __ to fumarate

G6PD uses __ as electron acceptor

Answer 28

riboflavin
FMN, electron

succinate, succinine

NADPH

Question 29

__ is RLS of glycolsis
__ is only sugar that can bypass

fructose becomes F1P via

aldolase b can use F_ and __

converts to DHAP/glyceraldehyde, and DHAP advances ___

Answer 29

Phosphofructokinase
fructose

fructokinase
F16BP, F1P

glycolysis

Question 30

SI __ is congenital obs of GI tract

pt w ab __ and __ vomiting

Answer 30

atresia

distension, billious

Question 31

collapse of supraglottic structures w air is L

pt presents w ___

Answer 31

laryngomalacia

stridor

Question 32

___ is hernation of ab viscera into thoracic cavity

pt will have RDS due to pulm __
__ abdomen and __ sounds in chest

Answer 32

diaphragmatic hernia

pulm hypoplasia

scaphoid, bowel sounds