Thurs Wk 2 Cardio 7 Flashcards
chordae tendinae are tethered to the LV wall via anterolateral and __ papillary muscles
AL papillary muscle has __ supply via the LAD/LCX
PM supplied solely by __
because this muscle has single artery supply, it is __ likely to become ischemic and rupture
CO is \_\_ x \_\_ can be measured w the \_\_ principle CO is rate of \_\_ consumption over the \_\_ O2 difference Arterial content measured from \_\_ blood Mixed venous O2 content from \_\_ blood rate of O2 consumption via \_\_ meter
posteromedial
dual
PDA
more
HR x SV fick O2, arteriovenous arterial pulm atery O2
Blood O2 content is O2__ x %__ + Dissolved __ (unbound to Hb)
PVST have focus of automaticity __ the ventricles
either the __ or __ node
can be terminated w ___, which dilates coronary arteries
hyperpolarizes pacemaker, blocking conduction via __
AE include F, chest burning via __ and hypoTN
binding capacity, saturation, O2
above
atria, AV
adenosine
AV node
flushing, bronchoconstriction
Supraventricular tachycardias
Class 1C antiarrhtmics F/P
SE is V__
Class 2 M
SE is B and advanced __
Class 3 A
Class 3 I/D/S SE is T__
Class 4 V/D
SE is B and advanced __
dec ventricular __
C__
also A/D
flecainade, propafenone
ventricular arrhythmias
metoprolol
bradycardia, AV block
Amiodarone
Ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol
TdP
verapamil, diltiazim
Bradycardia, AV block
contractility
constipation
adenosine/digoxin
HCM caused LVOT obstruction w systolic anterior motion of __ toward IV septum
may hear pericardial __ w constrictive pericardiits
seen w thick fibrous tissue in the __ space
restricts __ filling, dec CO
Antracyclines D/D are chemo agents resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy
dependent on __
mechanism of anthracycline is to block __ enzyme in cancer cells, resulting in DNA strand breakage
when this occurs in cardiomyocytes, __ containing complexes produce free rads
prevent w D__ to chelate iron and stop
mitral valve
knock
pericardial
ventricular
doxorubin, daunorubicin
dose
Topo2
Fe
desroxane
Bleomycin induces __ formation
SE is P___
cisplatin cross links __ to inhibit synthesis
SE is N/O/peripheral __
Cyclophosphamide cross links __ to inhibit synth
SE is hemorrhagic __/B__
Methotrexate inhibits __
SE is __ toxicity and __ pneumonitis
Paclitaxel inhibits microtubule __
SE Is __
Vincristine/vinblastine binds b__ to inhibit microtubule formation
Se is ___
free rad
PF
DNA
nephrotoxicity, ototoxic, neuropathy
DNA
cystitis, bladder ca
DHFR
liver, hypersensitivity
disassembly
neuropathy
beta tubulin
neuropathy
Collateral microvessels form a path for blood flow distal to __
A/D vasodilators of coronary arteries, resulting in coronary steal, in which blood flow from __ areas is reduced due to vasodilation in __ areas
young pt w history of arrhythmias likely has __ syndrome
due to accessory __ leading to a reentry circuit
sinus impulses will reach the ventricle via an __ pathway, and feed back to the AV node
this __ the ventricle, resulting in subsequent arrhytmia
ECG findings include __ PR, __ QRS and __ wave
occluded vessel
Adenosine, dipyramidamole
ischemic
nonischemic
WPW
pathway
accessory path
peexcites
short, wide, delta
Bicuspid aortic valves result in inc __ stress, accelerating the aging process
leads to premature atherosclerosis and __ of the aortic valve
patients get __ at slightly younger age
tx for heart failure can inhibit the __/__ systems or upregulate __ peptides
BNP has D/N/V effect
normally degraded by N
___ of neprilysn result in augmenting of ANP/BNP
hemodynamic
calcification
AS
RAAS/SNS, natriuretic
diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilatory
neprilysin
inhibitors
Jervell Lange Neilsen syndrome caused by mutation in K__ and K__ of outward K channels
B__ syndrome is AD
mutation in cardiac __ or __ channels that leads to pseudoRBBB and ST elevation in __
inc risk of __
KNQ1, KNE1
brugada
Na, Ca
V1-V3
SCD
Path of atherosclerosis
__ injury w inc vasc permeability
accumulation of __
monocytes adhere, transform into LLM aka __ cells
release of __
recruitment of __ cells and __ proliferation
BB can slow __ node condxn
this is seen as a prolonging of the __ interval, as it prolongs the AV refractory period
Myocardial ischemia results in T wave __
endothelial LDL foam cells cytokines T, smooth muscle
AV
PR
inversion
the __ has dual blood supply via portal vein and hepatic artery
thus, __ do not normally occur unless liver has been transplanted
K/S are end arterial supply organs
Plasma __ activity is measured as the amount of AT1 created per time
can be inc w low __ diet, D/A/A
liver
infarcts
kidney, spleen
renin
Na
diuretics, arb, acei
Bc varicose veins involve the __ veins, DVT/PE are unlikely
Phlegmasia alba dolens is massive __ that impairs arterial inflow
Hypertensive crisis is defined as DBP > __
results in __ arterioloscerlosis
see onion like thickening of walls as a result of __ SMC and reduplicated ___
affects kidneys predominantly, leading to drop in __ and activation of RAAS
superficial
thrombus
130
hyperplastic
lamellated, BM
perfusion
extra low freq sound before S1 is __
always __ in younger pt
due to dec ventricular __
seen in LV __
inferior portion of the heart receives blood from __
found in the posterior __ groove
in most indiv, this supply comes from the ___
women on OCP should monitor __ level, which should be less than 160
S4
pathologic
compliance, hypertrophy
posterior desceding artery
interventricular
RCA
LDL
absolute contraindications of OCP prior hx of \_\_/\_\_ event hx of \_\_ dependent tumor women > \_\_ who smoke high \_\_ decompensated/active \_\_ dz P
Aspirin blocks __ to stop synthesis of TA2
pt w preexisting resp sx like R/A or allergies U/A/A should avoid it
use C a P2Y12 inhibitor of ADP receptors
stops platelet __
LMH like E/D are indirect thrombin inhibs
bind AT3 and convert it to rapid inactivator of T/factor Xa
used for pt w __
thrombotic, ischemic estrogen 35 TG liver pregnancy
COX1
rhinits, asthma, urticaria, angioedema, analphylaxis
Clopidigrel
aggregation
enoxaparin, dalteparin
Thrombin
ACS
E is platelet Gp2B/3A inhibitor
D is positive inotropic agent for LV systolic dysfxn
inhibition of Na/K ATPase causes dec __ outflow
this inhibits __ exchanger, promoting myocyte contractility
Niacin SE include F/W/I
due to release of __
can be mitigated w __ just prior
also w slow __ preps or when taken w ___
eptifibatide
digoxin
Na
Na/Ca
flushing, warmth, itching
prostaglandins
Aspirin
release, food
acute MR results from spontaneous __ rupture
sudden inc blood to LA results in __
this leads to inc LV __
incompetent valve allows blood to enter from LV reducing __
overall, EF has inc, but __ stroke volume has dec
this leads to __ TN and cardiogenic shock
W chronic MR, __ enlarges to take in more volume
LV then becomes __ hypertrophied to maintain SV
w extensive remodeling, there is impaired __ SV reducing CO
chordae tendinae pulm edema preload afterload forward hypoTN
LA
eccentrically
forward
