Wed Wk 3 MSK 3 Flashcards
__ is protein toxin of C tetani
travels via __ axonal transport to CNS
inhibits release of G/G inhib neurotransmitters, resulting in sustained muscle contration
prevent w tetanus __ vaccine
produces antibodes that neutralize bacterial ___
this formed used for all protein __ diseases
Ab that promote complement formation is useful against __
DMD causes __ difficulties initially
then presents w __ sign and calf __
assymetric weakening of paraspinal muscles leads to K__
Tetanospasmin, retrograde Glycine, Gaba toxoid products toxin
bacteria
ambulation
Gower, pseudohypertrophy
kyphoscoliosis
in HPGRT, mutation results in inc prodxn of __ w feed forward activation
constant degredation leads to hyper__
Colchicine also dec __ phosphorylation to dec PMN activation
Pseudogout more likely affects __ than gout
crystals are __ birefringent and __ shaped
purines
uricemia
tyrosine
knee
positive, rhomboid
pt w menopausal sx likely has O__
do not tx w EE as it inc risk of __/__ cancer
use selective estrogen receptor modulators R/T
have both __/__ properties in tissue specific manner
Raloxifene has estrogen __ in bone, antagonist in __/__ thus no inc risk of cacner
Tamoxifen has antagonist effects on __ useful for ER+ BC
has agonist affect on __/__, thus does inc risk of uterus cancer
osteoporosis
breast/endometrial
raloxifene, tamoxifen
antag, agonist
agonist, breast/uterus
breast
bone/endometrium
nonmodifiable RF for osteoporosis include A__, C/A ethnicity, FH of __
modifiable- low __ and physical activity, poor __/__, inc alcohol/tobacco, premature __ and GC use
GC antiinflammatory effect by inhibiting __
elderly pt w inc ALP has __ dz of bone
excessive __ and nfKB activation
1st phase is __ phase
appear __ w great amnt of nuclei
2nd phase is __
rapid inc in __ w persistent oc activity
interspersed areas of lamellar and __ bone
Phase 3 is __ dominant
dense, mosaic pattern w prominent central __
age, caucasian, asian, osteo
body weight, Ca/VD, menopause
phospholipase A2
Paget
RANKL
oc
large
mixed
OB
woven
OB
lines
tissue inflammation in RA causes A__ residues to be converted to citrulline via cintrullination
alters __ of proteins, becoming antigens for an immune response
carpal tunnel is defined by carpal bones on dorsum and __ ligament (FR) on volar surface
contains FDP, FDS, median nerve and F__
cut the __ for relief
ischemic optic neuropathy in GCA due to __ artery occlusion
XO and __ catalyze azathioprine metabolic pathways
if inhibited, 6thioguanine is incorporated into __ leading to many problems
arginine
shape
transverse carpal
flexor pollicus longus
FR
ophthalmic
TPMT
DNA
PTH stimulates __ to release RANKL/MCSF thus activating differentiation of OC
also dec release of __ which blocks activation of OC
IGF promotes __ synthesis
T3 inc bone turnover by upregulating __ activity
COX2 is upregulated by __/__ in inflammation
pt older than 20 w profuse acne may be using anabolic steroids like M__
Acne is due to follicular epidermal __, excessive __ prodxn, inflammation, and P acnes
androgens stimulate __ and FE hyperlasia
can also be seen w __ inhibs and lithium
OB
OPG
OB
OC
IL1/TNF
methyltestosterone
hyperplasia, sebum
sebum
EGFR
at membrane potential, high __ inside cell
high __ and __ outside
Hip flexion due to I, R, Tensor fascia lata
Iliopsoas made of Psoas m/m and iliacus
Extension via gluteus __, semimemrbanosus/tendinosus, BF __
Abduction due to Gluteus M/M
Adduction via Adductor B/L/M
muscles used when sitting up include external __, rectus abdoinis, and ___
K
Na, Cl
iliopsoas, rectus ab
major, minor
maximus
biceps femoris long head
medius, minimus
brevis, longus, magnus
oblique, iliopsoas
superficial peroneal nerve helps in E__ of foot
sensation to __ of foot
deep peroneal nerve provides sensation bw __ and __ toes
loss of sensation over medial leg is due to damage to the __ nerve
days to weeks after Lyme dz, pt experiences __ sx and erythema chronicum migrans
wks later, may get __ palsy and cardiac involvement like AV __
years later, if pt receives __ may get assymetric monoarthrtitis and enceph
tx w D or C
eversion
dorsum
1, 2
saphenous
flu like
facial
nodal block
antibiotics
doxycycline, ceftriaxone
__ is thoracolumbar muscle which aids in extension, adduction, and internal rotation of humerus
innervated by __ nerve
T__ is large upper back muscle commonly injured in MVA
pt w asthma, rhinosinusitis and eosinophilia has \_\_ can involve K/G/C systems may have \_\_ multiplex due to vasculitis can have skin \_\_ and pulm infiltrates pANCA against \_\_
anti RNA poly 3 is seen in __ dz
lat dorsi
thoracodorsal
trapezius
EGP kidney, GI, cardio mononeuritis nodules MPO
systemic sclerosis
pt w red rash on face w pallor and fever, maybe over arms/legs/trunk has __ dz
acute __ is manifestation in adults, usually in PIP, MCP, knee and ankle
signifies an immune response w formation of __
Parvo athritis mimics __ but self resolves
MMP function in degredation of __ and ECM proteins
encourages myofibroblast __ at wound edges and scar tissue remodeling
these myofibroblasts initiate wound __ by secondary intention
Ulceration develops w inadequate __ of wound
think LE wounds w ___ dz
IGF1 prevents collagen degradation by inhibiting __ 13
erythema infectiosum
arthropathy
IC
RA
collagen
accumulation
contracture
vascularization
PVD
MMP
__ are cells w single nucleus arising from mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum/bone marrow
OC originate from __ and form w fusion into a multinucleated __ cell
Elderly pt w bone pain and hearing loss, suspect __
Median/Radial nerve and __ artery found at supracondylar region of humerus
median nerve and brachial artery are found __
radial nerve is found __
OB
monocytes
mature
PDB
brachial
medial
lateral
young pt w assymetric oligoarthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis has __ arthritis
may see C and uveitis
urethritis and Keratoderma __ or oral ulcers
caused by __ involing bacterial antigens but w out disseminated infection
thus, synovial fluid is __
Lunate is more __ of bones that articulate w radius
scaphoid is more __
__ contacts first digit
Hamate is found on __ closest to lunate
reactive
conjunctivitis
blenorrhagicum
immune complexes
sterile
medial
lateral
trapezium
outside
D__ is sustained involuntary muscle contraction
cervical dystonia called spasmodic T__ is most common
due to impaired fxn of B__
second most common is B__ w closure of eyelids
writers __ affects the hand
M__ is brief, sudden contraction
Anatomic snuffbox formed by tendons of EPL and APL/EPB
scaphoid and __ forms floor
dorsal __ branch of radial artery supplies blood, and is easily interrupted by fracture
high risk for __ and nonunion
dystonia
torticollis
basal ganglia
blepharospasm
cramp
myoclonus
extensor pollicus longus, abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus brevis
trapezium
scaphoid
Avascular necrosis
RF for rickets include exclusive __ and inadequate sun exposure
inc skin _ and maternal VD def
sx include soft skull C__ and delayed fontanel __
Frontal __
hypertrophy of __ joints
widened/thickening of E__ and genu varum
pt w spinal stenosis has hypertrophy of ligamentum __
found on __ aspect of SC
due to __ arthritis, IV disc protrudes and loses height
facet joints get O__ w mechanical compression of nerves
ALL covers __ aspect of vertebral bodies
prevents spinal __
breastfeeding
pigmentation
craiotobes, closing
bossing
costochondral
epiphyseal plate
flavum
posterior
degenerative
osteophytes
anterior
extension
pt w high fever and extreme pain in bone has __
usually affects __ of long bones due to slow flowing vasculature
heme dissemination seeds bony __ and inc intramedullary pressure
dec blood flow contributes to bone ___
w out tx, get chronic __ osteomyelitis and necrosis
becomes covered in necrotic I__ w formation of sinus channels
can affect P__
tx w __ and debridement of __ bone
primary psoas abscess presents w F, ab pain and __
located adjacent to __
rf include H, IV __ and diabetes
osteomyelitis metaphysis space ischemia involucrum, periosteum ab, necrotic
fever, bleeding
spine
HIV, drug use
deltoid/supraspinatus abduct arm to __ degrees
beyond that, T/S take over
RA caused by __ T cells releasing cytokines for inflamm synovitis
B cells then produce ___
damage to tibial nerve causes weak __ flexion due to impaired Gastroc, soleus, plantaris
also weak foot __ and toe __
injury at the tarsal tunnel would only produce sensory loss of __ foot muscles
90
trapezius, serratus
CD4
antibodies
plantar
inversion, flexion
intrinsic
OSD is overuse of secondary __ center of tibial tubercle
seen in adolescent __ w growth spurt
pain and swelling at __ over patellar ligament
seen w repetitive __ contraction
Quad muscles include R__ femoris, Vastus M/L/I
can heal w __ which is prominent
pes anserine bursitis is located over __ medial aspect of knee
ossification athelete tibial tuberosity quadriceps rectus medialis, lateralis, intermedius
callous
anterior
at the tibial plateua, the ACL is __ and PCL is posterior
sx of psoas abscess include F, back/flank __, inguinal __ and difficulty walking
pain occurs when psoas is __ such as hip extension
pt usually prefers hip flexion and lumbar __
anterior
pain, mass
extended
lordosis
Thoracic outlet is space above __ rib and behind clavicle bordered by cervical __ and sternum
compression of __ leads to upper extremity numbness, tingling, weakness
compression of subclavian __ leads to UE swelling
compression of subclavian __ leads to extertional pain
TOS occurs in __ triangle, as brachial plexus and __ artery run through
formed by __/__ scalenes
can be damaged w extra __ or scalene muscle abnormality or injury
1st
vertebrae
BP
vein
artery
scalene
subclavian
anterior/medial
rib
pt w paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia can be tx w __ massage or valsalva to inc PNS tone
Valsalva performed by __ muscles
gluteus maximus is most important __ of thigh at hip
carotid sinus
rectus
extensor
