Monday Wk 4 Derm Flashcards
V__ is AI cx w partial/complete loss of epidermal melanocytes
flat, well circumscribed macules/patches absent of __
loss of melanocytes and complete absence of melanin __
Albinism is melanocytes that do not produce __ due to defective tyrosinase
Cafe au lait macules have inc melanosome __ in melanocyte cytoplasm
vitiligo
pigmenttion
pigment
melanin
accumulation
inflammatory acne affects s__ glands
leads to keratinization of hair folicle w P__ blocking release of sebum
hypertrophy of sebaceous gland w excess __ prodxn
P acnes __ the gland
bacteria hydrolysing __ w release of free FA
sebaceous glands are __ type
release lipid rich secretory product by __ of cell membrane and leakage of products
also seen in M__ glands of eyelid
A__ glands secrete membrane bound vesicles ie mammary glands
Merocrine glands secrete products via E__
include Salivary and E/A sweat glands
sebaceous plug sebum colonizing TG holocrine lysis Meiobomian
apocrine
exocytosis
eccrine, apocrine
MCC of hair loss is A__ alopecia
polygenic w variable __
can be due to hormonal circulating A__ or genetic factors
boy w severe photosensitivity, poikiloderma, hyperpigmentation and SCC has X___
AR defect in nucleotide __ repair
DNA damaged by UV leads to __ dimers
repaired via UV specific e__
removes portion of strand, fllled in by DNA poly using __ strand as template
androgenetic
expressivity
androgens
xeroderma pigmentosum excision thymine endonuclease opposite
DNA damage by UV can form covalent bonds in T/C residues (pyrimidines)
NER nicks damaged strand on both sides of dimer, and __ synthesizes new strand
in BER, G__ recognize/remove abnormal base
Apurinic site is removed by E__ and filled in by polymerase
Pityriasis v__ is hypo/hyperpigmented, erythematous macules on upper body
caused by M__ species
confined to stratum C__
visible after T__
dx w __ preparation showing spores/hyphae in spaghettie meatballs appearance
tx w topical __ or selenium shampoo
thymine. cytosine
DNA poly
glycosylase
endonuclease
versicolor Malassezia corneum tanning KOH antifungal
Intertrigo is well defined erythematous plaques w satellite vesicles in __ skin areas
usually due to C__ in immunocompromised state
Dermatitis H__ is erythematous papules/vesicles bilateral/symmetrical on extensor surfaces
characterized by micro__ w fibrin/PMN in dermal papillae tips
IgA antibodies against __ or TTG that react w epidermal transglutaminase
Langerhans cells are __ cells that are derived from myelocytes
professional __ constantly taking up antigen
Melanocytes possess dendritic __ that intercalate bw cells of epidermis to deliver pigment laden melanosomes to keratinocytes
Darkening is due to inc prodxn of __ by stable number of melanocytes
flexor
Candida
herpetiformis
abscesses
gliadin
dendritic
APC
processes
melanin
Dark skinned people have inc amt of __ but normal number of melanocytes
perifollicular hemorrhage, myalgia, subperiosteal hematoma w gingivitis is S__
think elderly w abnormal __ pattern
may have impaired __ or wound healing
VC used to hydroxylate __/__
lack leads to collagen w lower tensile __
X__ is cutaneous lesion of eyelid w LLP
due to Hyper__
melanin
scurvy eating IS proline, lysine strength
xanthelasma
Psoriasis is due to CD4/CD8 producing __/__ type cytokines
leads to keratinocyte __ and proliferation, inflam, angiogenesis
can tx w topical VD analog like C, C, T to inhibit keratinocyte prolif and stimulate keratinocyte differentiation
C__ inhibits NFAT
impairs prodxn of IL2 and IL2 activation of __
TH1, TH17
growth factors
calcipotreine, calcitriol, tocotriol
Cyclosporine
T cells
EDS due to deficiency in procollgen __
need to cleave terminal __ from procollagen in ECS
if not removed, collagen cannot __ leading to joint laxity, hyperextensibility, fragile tissue
N terminus of A chain facilitates ribosome binding to __ and passage
hydrophobic signal sequence is cleaved to yield pro _ chain
proline/lysine are __ and glycosylation also occurs in RER
C terminal propeptide region of 3a chains bound by D__ bonds for triple helix
transported through __ to ECS
N/C terminal peptides removed by P__
tropocollagen is then self assembled into __ and lysyl oxidase forms covalent crosslinks to form strong fibers
peptidase
propeptides
crosslink
RER a disulfide golgi procollagen peptidase fibrils
Tinea __ is annular scaly plaque w raised red borders and central clearing
tx w __ to inhibit SE
drug accumulates in __
melanocytes are \_\_ in origin fx include A\_\_ B\_\_ irregular Color is V\_\_ D\_\_ >6mm E_ lesion look for focal \_\_ deficits as evidence of metastasis usually goes to brain, \_\_ tract, bone, liver, lungs
Excessive collagen formation of wound healing leads to K/Hypertrophic scar
collagen is __ in keloid but parallel in hypertophic
corpora
terbinafine
NCC assymetric border vary diameter evolving neuro GI
keloid
disorganized
would contraction is due to A__ in myofibroblasts to approximate wound
TGFB promotes differentiation of fibroblasts to __
in keloid, __ is upregulated
extend beyond original __ and can be raised/painful
Wound healing
H__ is day 1 w VC, platelet agg, and fibrin deposition
I__ is day 1-3 w PMN migration and macrophage phagocytosis of debris/contaminants
P_ until 3w w formation of granulation tissue
fibroblasts form __ and endothelial cells form BV
wound __ occurs
Maturation persists w fibroblasts continuing to synthesize __ matrix
slow progressive inc in tensile __
actin
myofibroblasts
TGFB
border
hemostasis inflammation proliferation CT contracture CT strength
collagen polypeptide a chains held together by __ bonds to form triple helix
then LO__ forms covalent bonds for mature fibers
EDS is defect in collagen type __
most common breast abnorm is accessory __ aka supernumeray nipple
due to failed involution of M__
asx, but may swell/become tender during preg/menses
fx show hyper__ and epidermal thickening w smooth muscles bundles and possible mammary glands
Congenital __ is clonal prolif of benign melanocytes
Ephelides/solar __ is inc melanin prodxn by melanocytes
A__ is skin tag of pedunculated normal skin in areas of friction
hydrogen
lysyl oxidase
5
nipple mammary ridge pigmentation melanocytic nevus lentiges
acrochorda
thymidine kinase deficient VZV found in __ pt
tx w F__ or C___ which is a nucleotide analog that can become a triphosphate via cellulr kinases alone
L__ is deforming infection of skin/nerves due to M leprae
transmission is R_ or direct contact
CM depends on __ response
Tuberculoid leprosy occurs w intact __ TH1 response
sx include hypo__ and hair follicle loss, dec sensation
Lepromatous leprosy is due to weak CMI response w __ dominating
Macros are limitd, so M leprae __
sx include diffuse skin __ and macules, L__ facies, anesthesia, blindness
grows best at temps below __
HIV
foscarnet, cidofovir
leprosy resp CMI CMI pigmentation TH2 disseminates thickening, leonine
Cat scratch/bite leads to vesicles/erythema w tender regional/axillary __
can lead to __ in HIV pt
pt w pruritic, papular rash in skin due to pools is due to P__
produces __ pigment due to pyocyanin
Pellagra has __ w bilateral/symmetric areas of body w rough, scaly skin
D__ due to atrophy of columnar epithelium of GI tract
D__ due to neuronal degen of brain/spinal cord
can be synthesized endo via T_
due to diet primarily of C__ or alcoholic
LAN
bacillary angiomatosis
Pseudomonas
green
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
corn
infant w fever, pain, epidermal necrolysis and pos Nikolsky’s sign has S__
due to E__ exotoxin
blistering only occurs in __ as exfoliative toxins cleave __ in desmosomes
rapidly spreading, pruritic rash w red pustules in extremities indicates S__
burrows in __ via skin to skin contact
usually seen in __ surfaces of wrist, fingers, hands
worse at night and due to __ HS Rxn to mite, egg, feces
look for __ burrows
dx w skin __ showing mites, ova, feces
SSSS
exfoliatin
epidermis
desmoglien
scabies epidermis flexor type 4 linear scrapings
pruritic skin rash in linear streaks w wilderness exposure is __
due to u_ allergen that stimulates immune system
type __ HS rxn
sensitization phase leads to creation of hapten specific __ cells
dendritic cells take up haptens and travel to LN causing activation of __
E__ phase occurs w subsequent exposure due to activation of hapten specific T cells and inflam response
__ T cells are primary effector
Poison ivy urushiol 4 T cells T cells elicitation CD8
androgenetic alopecia occurs at anterior __ and vertex
shorted A__ phase w follicular miniaturization
due to buildup of __ so using 5AR inhibs like F__ can help
intralesional GC can tx alopecia A__ w rapid onset patchy/diffuse hair loss
foreign bodies can produce __ response
see tender, erythematous __
due to __ activation and cytokine release
small, scaly reddish lesions w sandpaper texture on sun exposed area is A__
see hyperkeratpsos and P__ in SC w atypical keratinocytes
may have dilated __ w chronic sun exposure
does not invade __ and can transform to __
scalp
anagen
DHT, finasteride
areata
granulomatous
plaque
macrophages
actinic keratosis
parakeratosis
blood vessels
dermis, SCC
BCC is most common skin cancer w pearly papules and central __/__
nests of __ cells and peripheral nuclei
D__ is benign proliferation of fibroblasts on LE
Psoriasis has __ in SC w perivasicular lymphocytic infiltrates
healing process is controlled by PDGF and __, with TGFB dec in maturation phase normally
depression/ulceration
basaloid
dermatofibrom
PMN
TGFB
PV is due to AA against __
bullae spread __ w pressure and new blisters form
desmoglein __/__ w disrupted cohesion of keratinocytes
biopsy shows intraepithelial C___ w detached keratinocytes, retained keratinocytes on BM, and eosinophilic inflamm infiltrate
IF shows epidermal __/__ deposits
palmoplantar keratoderma due to defect in C__
BP has bullae that remain __ as epidermis separates from dermis
desmosomes laterally 1, 3 cleavage C3, IgG
connexin
intact
__ has a stuck on appearance w velvety, greasy surface
biopsy shows small cells resembling b_ cells w hyperkeratosis and keratin containing cysts
Polygonal, planar, pruritic, purplish, plaque on skin is L__
look for W__ straie as fine white lines
Psoriasis histo shows hyper__ and acanthosis w elongation of rete ridges
mitotic activity above __ layer w reduced/absent SG
epidermal layer may be __ w dilated BV
PMN may show S__ clusters in superficial dermis and parakeratotic SC (murno __)
SK
basal
lichen planus
wickham
parakeratosis basal layer thinned spongiotic microabscesses)
Opioids, radiocontrast dye, ab like vanc cause IgE __ mast cell activation
leads to pruritis and U__ w bronchospasm
activation of PKA and __ kinase w release of histamine, bradykinin, heparin
E__ is cutaneous/subq extravasated blood
due to deep h__ from bony fracture, ligament rupture, or muscular injury
do not __ w pressure
P is less than 5mm while purpura is 5mm to 1cm extravasated blood
indicates p__ dysfxn or capillary fragility
if palpable, think L__ vasculitis
independent
urticaria
PI3
ecchymoses
hematoma
blanch
petechiae
platelet
leukocytoclastic
perifollicular hemorrhage and corkscrew hair indicate __
AR disorder w immunodeficiency, albinism, and neuro defects has C__
defect in PMN phagosome lysosome F__
see abnormal giant lysosomal __
abnormal __ storage in melanocytes leads to albinism
Bluish tumor under nail bed can be g__ tumor glomangioma or subungual melanoma
Melanomas are composed of __ for pigmentation
Glomangioma is tumor of modified __ cells in glomus body
small encapsulated Neurovasc organs in dermis of nail bed, pads of __/__ and ears
composed of __ connected to muscular AV anastamosis w efferent vein
used in __ regulation to shunt blood away from skin in cold temps and to direct blood to skin in hot temos
scurvy
Chediak higashi
fusion
inclusions
melanin
glomus
melanocytes
smooth muscle
finger/toes
AA
thermo
L__ is tumor of cells for lymphatic drainage
composed of networks of endothelium lined __ spaces
usually in head, neck, axilla as Sub__ mass
Langerhans cell __ shows erythematous papules, plaques, nodules in skin
lymphangioma
lymphatic
epidermal
histiocytosis
