Friday Wk 3 Female Repro 1 Flashcards
Epithelial ovarian cancer presents w ab distension, A__ and pleural effusion, wl and __ mass
possible to have elevated __
RF include __ mutation, infertility/nulliparity, pos __, PCS, endometriosis, __ syndrome, post men hormone therapy
Protective factors are __ pills, Multiparity, breastfeeding and __oophorectomy
Anything that causes __ and repair at ovarian surface inc risk
HPV is linked to C/V/V ca
ascites, ovarian
Ca-125
BRCA, FH, Lynch
OCP, salpingo
trauma
cervical, vaginla, vulvar
female repro tract development involves lateral/vertical fusion and involution of P__ ducts which give rise to FT, uteris, cervix and upper vagina
failed lateral fusion can produce a B_ uterus w indentation at center of fundus
complete lack of fusion can produce uterine didelphys w double __/__
failed involution can lead to __ uterine septum
Dx w H__ and MRI
2 unfused uterine horns w filling defect can be B__ or L__
Complete agensis of paramesonephic duct leads to __ syndroe
lower vagina is __ sinus derived, thus ending in blind pouch w no other structures
Mesonephric duct aka __ does not fuse and forms the _ duct in women
Failed vertical fusion of PM duct and US produces __ vaginal septa
pt has __ pelvic pain and menses retained in uterus
paramesonephric bicornate uterus/cervix longitdunal HSG bicornate, longitudinal uterine septum
MRH
urogenital
wolffian
gartners
transverse
cyclic
__ urinary incont occurs b w straining
in preg, women have in __ volume
rise in GFR w inc renal __ mediated by relaxin
inc urine volume w unchanged __ that can be compressed by fetus
hormones can also relax __ muscles, and w valsalva, pressure exceeds EUS
also caused by urethral H__
Urge incontinence is caused by detrusor __ w sudden urge to urinate
pregnancy can compress __ due to inc joint laxity/posture leading to back pain
uterus can compress __ leading to hydronephrosis and breeding ground for bacteria
stress plasma circ bladder pelvic floor hypermobility
hyperactivity
sciatic nerve
uretra
FSH develops ovarian __
LH responsible for __
both hit peak around day __
Follicular phase, FSH stimulates dominant __ to form in ovary
also releases _ from ovary
as estradiol rises, _ feedback results in LH surge
this causes __ and ovulation
Anovulation can be tx w M__ that mimics FSH
exogenous __ is then given as it is similar LH and induces ovulation
Peak estrogen is just before __ surge
Peak progesterone occurs in __ phase
follicle
ovulation
14
follicle
esrogen
pos
rupture
menotropin
HCG
LH
luteal
for woman w TS to become pregnant, use __ w E/P supplementation to thicken endometrial lining
can occur spontaneously, but has high rate of A__, Down/Turner syndrome
Clomiphene is anti__ allowing for GnRH release by hypothalamus
blocks feedback __
use in woman who are otherwise __
Pulsatile __ is used in hypogonadotrophic, hypogonadism
Ovary is suspended to uterus via __ ovarain ligament
blood comes via __ ligament aka suspensory ligament
rotation around IP ligament results in ovarian __
usually occurs due to ovarian __ w twisting
sudden onset pelvic __
dx w ___
IVF
abortion
estrogen
inhibition
normal
GnRH
uterine infundibulopelvic torsion mass pain US
Tamoxifen is antag of __ in breast tissue
agonist in __ tissue, leading to hyperplasia/cancer
both R/T have __ effect on lipid profile
PCOS dx w 2 of 3: hyper_, irregular periods, or __ ovaries on ultrasound
excess androgens prevent formation of dominant __ w anovultion
also, no P__ allows constant stimulation of uterus, leading to hyerplasia/cancer risk
FSH stimulates G__ cells to release estrogen
after ovulation,
just before ovulation, primary follicle becomes __ and then released
granulosa/theca cells L__ to form corpus luteum
releases P__ which converts endometrium to S__ to become implantable
ER
uterine
favorable
androgens, polycycstic
follicle
progesterone
granulosa secondary lutenized progesterone secretory
in PCOS, LH levels are __
pt has O__ w insulin resistance
use __ pills in pt who does not want to be pregnant
minimize endometrial __ and reduces androgen sx
use C__ as estrogen receptor modulator for those who do want to become pregnant
allows release of / and ovulation
M__ is genetically different cell lines in the body
can be S__ affecting cells of the body
disease will __ in pt
or G__ which is passed to offspring
usually limited to __ and does not manifest
TS more likely caused by loss of paternal __
high obesity OCP hyperplasia Clomiphene LH/FSH
mosaicism somatic manifest germline germline
chromosone X
posterior neck mass is cystic __
bilateral extremity swelling is L_
along w dec femoral pulses due to __, pt must have T__
Pt w __ syndrome T18 has cardiac defects, clenched fists, rocker bottom feet, omphalocele and low set ears
due to meiotic N__
pt w C__ has deletion in chromo5p
round face, __ like cry and microcephaly
__ cells are vaginal, squamous epithelial cells covered w Gardnerella
no vaginal __
hygroma
lymphedema
coarctation
Turners
Edward
nondisjunction
cri du chat
cat like
clue cells
inflammaton
following menarche, most women have __ HPA axis
may have menstrual irregs due to presence of __ cycles
w out ovulation, no P__ is released
thus, E remains high w constant __ of uterus
endometrium can be __ w heavy bleeding
Drop in E/P causes endometrium to __
inc FSH is seen in postmen women or __ ovarian failure
Metro produces sx like D__ w alcohol intake
Disulfiram inhibits A__ dehydro, resulting in HA, cramps, flushing, NV
immature anovulatory progesterone stimulation broken down
slough
premature
disulfiram
acetaldehyde
nipple discharge is patho if it is B__ or unilateral
usually due to I__ papilloma
no breast mass/__ changes
caused by proliferating __ cells in duct/cyst wall w fibrovascular core
twisting of vascular __ in duct results in bleeding
Paget dz of breast has D__ spread of malignant cells to nipple surface
__ changes of breast show diffuse, small C__
__ necrosis of breast caused by local tramua
see irregular breast __ w/out discharge
may have h__
F__ is small, mobile breast mass w proliferation of duct/stroma compressing ducts
bloody intraductal skin papilary stalk
ductal
fibrocystic cysts fat mass hemorrhage
fibroadenoma
streak ovaries in TS are A__ due to lack of estrogen
replaced w F__ tissue
female w ab pain, bloody vaginal discharge, ortho hypoTN, w pos preg test has __ pregnancy
primary RF is Tubal __ due to previous infection w Gon/Chlam via __
surgery/S__ are other RF
best test to diagnose Trichomonas is __ micro
must tx pt and __
Cervical cytology is __ smear for cervical cnacer
AMH causes involution of __ ducts in men
Wolfian duct then forms E/V/S
Wolffian duct passively __ due to lack of hormones in women
atrophied
fibrotic
ectopic
scarring
PID
sterilization
saline
partner
Pap
paramesonehric
epidydimis, vas deferens, seminal vessicles
regress
pt w MRKH has variable __ development w no upper vagina (Ie short vagina)
pt has primary A__
ovaries are normal, secreting E leading to regular __
most will have __ abnormalities as well (ie agensis)
K__ syndrome presents w hypogonadotorpic hypogonad
in females, primary __ w no SSC is present
AIS pt is __ who appears __ due to AR defect
no axillary/pubic hair and __ testis
postherpetic neuralgia is comp of __
uterus
amenorrhea
SSC
renal
kallman
amenorrhea
male, female
cryptorchid
zoster
obese women, those w multiple vaginal deliveries, pelvic surgery at risk of __ injury
includes __ ani muscles Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis
normally hold bladder/urethra in __ position
injury leads to H__ w prolapse
pt presetns w __ UI
tx w inc daily F__ and Kegels
Vaginal adenosis is vaginal squamous epithelium replaced w glandular __ epi
occurs w __ exposure
predisposes to clear cell ___ of vagina
Menopause occurs w high __
pts have hypo__ sx like hot flashes/vaginal dryness
pelvic floor levator normal hypermobility stress fiber
columnar
DES
adenoca
FSH
E
invasive breast carcinoma presents as irregularly shaped upper outer breast __
skin dimples w involvement of S__ ligament aka coopers
infiltration causes fibrosis, shortening w __ on skin
Lactiferous sinuses are reservoirs of __
malignant spread leads to __
enocervical infection can present w discharge or postcoital __
signs of ovulation include loss of dominant __, inc urine LH, rise in serum P_ and BB__
high grade CIN has invaded beyond lower 1/3 of cervical epithelium to __ surface
high risk for prog to __
low grade CIN is maintained in lower __ of cervical epithelium
mass
supensory
traction
milk
discharge
follicle, progesterone, temp
epithelial
1/3
imperforate __ is obs w incomplete degen of central portion of fibrous tissue in vagina
vaginal sec stimulated by maternal estrogen can lead to M__ w mucus build up
at menarche, pt has primary __ and cyclic ab pain due to Hematocolpos
SSC are __
pt has vaginal __ and problems w defecation
common site of endometriosis is pouch of D_
painful __/__ and palpable nodule on exam
pt w fever, ab pain, uterine tenderness, foul discharge post surgical abortion has __
uterus may be b__ or tender
pelvic US shows retained products, w inc __ and echogenic material
retained products of _ act as nidus for Staph __ and E_
proliferate in __ tissue, and can spread to blood
tx w __ and srugical evac
hymen mucocolpos amenorrhea normal bulge
douglas
pooping/intercourse
septic abortion boggy vascularity aureus, e coli placental antibiotics
thrombosis risk is __ inc preg
vascular S__ due to venous dilation/compressed IVC/Iliac veins
inc factor __/__/__ w vWF and fibrinogen
endothelial __ due to infection/trauma
Ovarian vein thrombosis presents w F and ab __
R Ovarian vein drains to __
L ovarian vein drains to __
Uterine fibroids can be located in serosal (__) , uterine wall (I__) and below endometrium (S__)
usually irregular uterine __
can cause pressure, and go posterior to C__ w constipation
splint to defecate and relieve __
A__ presents w dysmenorrhea, AUB, chronic pelvic pain
uterus should be __ enlarged
high stasis 7, 8, 10 damage pain IVC L renal vein
subserosal intramural submucosa enlargement colon obstruction
adenomyosis
globally
__ body is tendinous center point of perineum
connected anterior to __ membrane and posterior to __ septum
contains Bulbo__ muscle, EAS, superficial/deep transverse __ muslces, and fibers
episiotomy enlarges vaginal outlet w vertical incision from posterior vaginal opening to __
transects vaginal __ and submucos, not EAS/rectum
after 7w of preg, P is produced by P__
M__ is progesterone antag that results in apoptosis/necrosis of uterine lining
used w M__ a PGE1 analog to cause cervical softening and inc uterine contractions
aids in _ of pregnancy
CCB like N dec intracellular Ca to relax myometrium
I__ is cox inhib that dec uterine contractility
M__ inhibits troph division
used for __ preg when mifipristone is not available
perineal vaginal rectovaginal spongious perineal perineal body epithelium
placenta
mifepristone
misoprostal
expulsion
Nifedipine
indomethacin
methotrextae
ectopic
Lobules connect to D__ then sinus and nipple
DCIS arises in __ and is precursor to IDC
see micro__ on mammography
ducts w pleomorphic cells and central __ that does not extend beyond BM
Lobular breast carcinoma hs palpable mass w orderly cells arranged in __
P__ tumor arises from stroma
see hypercellular __ w leaf like projections
ducts
ducts
Ca
necrosis
line
phyllodes
CT
Ca-125 is secreted by epithelial cells lining __
thus, only use as __ for tx
pt w ovarian Ca has pelvic mass, A/P and peritoneal mets
A/ab distension, bowel changes
inc risk w N__
histo shows A__ of epithelial cells w invasion to stroma, multiple __ cells w atypia, and occasional Psamomma body
Serum AFP is inc in HCC and ovarian germ cell tumor E__ tumor
see __ bodies like glomeruli
bHCG is inc in germ cell tumor C/D
may have high LDH and __ egg appearing cells
Granulosa cell tumors are __ cord stromal tumor
secrete E and I_
path shows Call-Exner bodies w __ nuclie
Testosterone is sec by __ tumors
look like tubules of __ cells w fbrous stroma
repro tract follow up ascites, pleural effusion anorexia nulliparity anaplasia, papillary
endodermal yolk sac
Schiller duval
choriocarcinoma, dysgerminoma
Fried
Sex cord
inhibin
coffee been
sertoli leydig
sertoli cells
Epithelial ovarian neoplasm
Serous is often B__ w psammoma bodies
Mucinous has pseudomyoxma __ producing cells
Germ cell neoplasms Dysgerminoma is seen in A\_\_ BHCG, LDH are \_\_ \_\_ egg cells Endodermal yolk sac has high \_\_ _ bodies
Sex cord neoplasms Granulosa cell high E and I call exner and \_\_ nuclei SL cell has high A\_\_ w hirsutism/clitormegaly
bilateral
,ucin
adolescent high fried AFP schiller duval
estrogen, inhibin
coffee bean
androgens
Adenomysosi has endometrial __ tissue in myometrium
sx include __ menstrual bleeding due to inc endometrial surface
dysmenorrhea due to endometrial __
uterus is enlarged __ from hormonal stimulation
biopsy should show normal __
dx w micro exam of H__
Uterine fibroids are myometrial __ proliferations
Endometrial P__ is benign growth of hyperplastic glands/stroma
do not cause uterine __
do have abnormal __
glandular heavy growth uniformly endometrium hysterectomy
smooth muscle
polyp
enlargement
bleeding
ureter runs anterior to __ arteries, then under __ vessels
ureter obs leads to dilated __ w urine
transection can cause localized leakage of __
if second ureter is normal, pt can __
bladder injury has D, H, A
K__ is immature squamous cell w dense, irregular staining cytoplasm and perinuclear cleaing
resembles H__
enlarged, pyknotic __ w chromatin condensation
on pap, this indicates __
Actinomyces like orgs on pap smear show B__ thin filaments like cotton candy
Endometrium consists of glands/stroma that have small dark __ w no clearing
Glandular endocervial cells have well delineated __ and form honeycomb patter
this is __ sampling
common iliac uterine ureter urine void
dysuria, hematuria, anuria
koilocytes
halo
nuclei
HPV
basophilic
nuclei
borders
adequate
