Optho Flashcards
AH is secreted by epithelial cells of the __ in the posterior eye chamber
fluid flows through __ into anterior chamber at the iridiocorneal angle
passes into Schlemm canal and drains into __ or _ pathway
__ glaucoma caused by inc ICP due to inc _ or dec __ of AH
pt loses __ axons, seen as __/__ optic disc
pt has progressive loss of __
ciliary body
pupil
veins, uveoscleral
open angle, secretion, absorption
ganglion cell
pale, enlarged
lateral visual fields
tx open angle glaucoma w L __ a prostaglandin
converted to active form via __ in cornea
dec __ content in uveoscleral outflow path and inc outflow
can cause inc pigment in __/__
CA inhibs like D dec prodxn of __ in ciliary body, dec prodxn of __
Alpha agonist B inhibit AH prodxn by __ ciliary body
Beta blocker like __ dec __ of AH
latanoprost
esterases
collagen
iris/eyelids
Dorzolamide, HCO3, AH
brimonidine, vc
Timolol, prodxn
young obese women w daily HA, bilateral symmetric papilledema and transient visual disturbances dx ___
caused by impaired cerebral __ and inc IC ___
worsen w __ as IC pressure inc
pressure transmitted from __ to optic nerve sheath
compression leads to impaired __ flow, causing papilledma
optic disc is __ w blurred margin
idiopathic IC HTN
outflow, pressure
valsalva
CSF
axoplasmic
elevated
choirodal inflamm is seen in P___
presents as __ visual loss and F__
exa shows __/__ in vitreous humor
assc w __ disorders
__ presents w painless transient monocular visual loss
caused by athero emboli originating from ipsi __
fundoscopy shows __ plaques and retinal __
posterior uveitis
painless, floaters
leuks/inflamm
systemic inflamm
retinal ischemia
carotid aartery
embolic, whitening
acute inc in intraocular pressure indicates __ glacuoma
painful visual loss, __ and __ injection w mid dilated pupil
progressive, painless, bilateral visual loss w optic disc cupping is ___
__ is seen in MS
monocular visual loss w __ eye movement
__ pupil defect w hyperemia/swelling of optic disc
closure
vomiting, conjunctival
open angle
optic neuritis, painful
affarent
Familial Rb caused by mutation in Rb ts on chromo __
all cells in body have __
requires __ for cancer development
inc risk of __ like O
sporadic occurs due to __ mutations
only affect __ cells
pt presents w ___
active Rb is __ and prevents cells from entering S phase
inactive Rb is __ and permits cell division
13
mutation
2nd hit
sarcomas, osteosarcoma
2
retinal
leukocoria
dephos
phos
glaucoma is an __ characterized by atrophy of the optic nerve
due to inc __ pressure
more common w __
Timolol a __ dec sec by the __
Prostaglandin F2a like L/T and cholinomimetics P/C dec intraocular pressure by inc __ of AH
cholinomimetics cause misosi via __ sphincter, inc anterior chamber __
optic neuropathy
intraocular
age
BB, ciliary epithelium
latanoprost, travoprost
pilocarpine/carbachol
outflow
contracting, angle
acute painless vision loss indicates ___
vision loss is __
retina is __ and macula is __
Central retinal artery comes from __ artery
arises from __ artery
__/_ most common causes
think A__ and __ stenosis
__ is painless, transient monocular visual loss via embolis
CRAO
permanent
pale, cherry red
ophthalmic, internal carotid
athero/thromboembolism
A fib, carotid artery
amaurosis fugax
__ manifests as blurry vision, black spot/floater and dec peripheral vision
look for ___
inflam vasc sheathing, hemorrhage in HIV pt indicate __ retinits
CD4 less than __
may have retinal __ due to atrophic __
tx w __
develops due to __ spread
Diabetic retinopathy
neovasc
CMV 50 detachment scar tissue ganciclovir
hematogenous
chronic HTN can lead to __ disruption and leakage of plasma into arteriol wall
__ necrosis occurs and necrotic vessels bleed into eye
pt presents w painless visual loss, ___ shaped hemorrhages
also see thickened __ walls (copper/silver wire), compresed __ (AV Nick) and __ spots
endothelial
fibrinoid
flame shaped
arteriolar, veins, cotton wool
primary CMV infection in pregnancy leads to ___ in utero
other manifestations include S, S, H, M
congenital cataract seen in in utero __ infection
inclusion conjunctivitis seen in __ of newborn
chorioretinitis
sensorineural deaf, seizure, HSM, microcephaly
rubell
Clamydia
Dry AMD presents w gradual __ loss in 1/both eyes
difficulty d__/r__
due to chronic __ dmage to retinal pigment epithelium
subretinal inflam w abnormal ECM deposition occurs called __
look for _ w pigment abnorms
Wet AMD- progressive ECM accumulation leads to retinal __ and release of __
pt has __ w leaky vessels
pt has __ vision loss and inability to see __ lines
fundoscopy shows __/__ subretinal discoloration w fluid
visual driving/reding oxidative drusen drusen
hypoxia, VEGF neovasc acute straifght gray/green
tx MD w antioxidnts like __/__
Wet AMD can be treated w VEGF inhibs like R/B
vitamins, Zn
ranibizumab, bevacuzimab
