Monday Wk 3 Endo 4 Flashcards
GC are potent stimulators of liver __ by upregulating enzymes
also inc hepatic __ reserves by stimulating glycogen synthase
overal inc in __ protein synth
antagonizes __
overal, antagonism results in hyper__
GC lead to lipolysis and altered fat D__
adrenal cortex __
O__ of bones
skeletal __
inhibit __ prolifration/collagen formation in skin
leads to __ and formation of striae
gluco glycogen liver insulin glycemia
distribution
atrophy
osteoporosis
myopathy
fibroblast
thinning
predispsoing factors for hypogly in pt w T1DM is excessive __, inadequate intake, or __
in normal indiv, insulin release is inhibited w __
w injection, insulin continues to __ as absorption occurs
GLUT4 translocation can also occur during muscle __ by insulin independent mechanism
insulin, exercise
exercise
rise
contraction
AGAP in DKA pt caused by unmeasured anionic __ that bind and lower serum HCO3
should have compensatory respiratory __ via hyperventilation
if PaCO2 is higher than expected, pt has concurrent __ w resp failure
may be due to pulm __ and decreased mental status
pt will have dec urinary __ and inc __ release
KB
alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
edema
HCO3
renin
met acidosis comp
PaCO2= 1.5 x __ + 8 +/- 2
Met alk= inc PaCO2 by .7 for every 1meq rise in __
Acute resp acidosis inc serum HCO3 by _ for every 10 inc PaCO2
chronic resp alkalosis dec serum HCO3 by __ for every 10 dec in PaCO2
HCO3
HCO3
1
2
pt w SIADH has normal extracellular fluid volume due and low plasma osmolarity due to actication of __
called euvolemic __
features of volume overload are __ seen
DKA is treated w __ insulin
begins working in __ min, lasting 5-8hrs
Regular/NPH are only forms w out __ modification
avoid subq insulin in DKA bc pt is __ depleted w poor absorption
On graph, first curve is __ acting, second is __ third is __
fourth is __, 5th is __
Glargine forms __ in subq after injection, leading to slow release
ANP
hypoNa
not
regular, 30
aa
volume
rapid, regular, NPH
detemir, glargine
precipitate
Metformin inhibits mitochondrial glycerophosphate D__ and complex 1 of ETC
dec cellular energy leads to __ activation
Meglinitides include R/N
close K channel on panc b cell _, w depolarization/opening of __ type Ca channels
shorter __ than SFU, may have lower risk of __
given w __ to reduce postprandial hypergly
dehydro
AMPK
repaglinide, nateglinide
membrane, L tupe
half life, hypoglycemia
meals
neuromuscular hyperexcitability becomes evident w Ca less than __
tx slow growth in pt w Turner syndrome w __
cytokines, GH, hematopoeitic growth factors all use __ pathway
hereditary orotic aciduria is AR disorder of __ synthesis
results in physical/mental __ and megaloblastic anemia w high urine __ levels
due to defect in __ synthase that normally converts orotic acid to UMP
tx w __ supplements
differs from OTC def due to lack of FtT and hyper___
7
GH
JAK STAT
pyrimide
retard, OA
UMP
uridine
ammonemia
in well fed state, inc in ATP inhibits ID leading to high __
this forms acetyl coa w upregulation of acetyl coa __
forms malonyl CoA in RLS of __ synthesis
malonyl is combined w __ to form beginning molecule of FA
process occurs in mito __
impearmeable to __ so carnitine must shuttle
high levels of __ inhibits carnitine acyltransferase, preventing acyl groip transfer
citrate
carboxylase
FA
acetyl coa
matrix
fatty acids
malonyl coa
Debranching enzyme disease aka __ disease
presents in infancy w L/M involvement
pt has hypogly, HM and K_ w hypotonia
hepatic __ is common, but no fatty infiltrate
distinguishing feature is cytosolic accumulation of glycogen w short __ chains
any suprasellar mass w solid, cystic, calcified compartments indicayes C__
cori liver/muscle KA fibrosis outer
craniopharyngiomas
MSUD is neurotoxic due to accumultion of L
goiter is due to high levels of __
Hyperthyroid sx A \_\_ inc EF and cardiac \_\_ inc myocardial O2 \_\_ and angina inc pulm artery \_\_
dec systemic vasc __
high __ pressure, lower __ pressure
sx of high output __
leucine
TSH
a fib
output, demand
pressure
resistance, systolic, diastolic
HF
A__ is stored and released w insulin in secretory granules
deposits can be seen in panc beta cells in __
may cause beta cell __ and dec insulin sec
T1DM associated w HLA __/__
esp DR __/__
Cocaine inhibits __ reuptake in synaptic cleft
amylin T2DM apoptosis DQ, DR 3/4
NE
insulin suppresses __ release by panc alpha cells
inc glucose __ and glycogen __
dec glycogenolysis, L__ and ketogenesis
inc protein __
Epi stimulates release of __ and dec glucose uptake
glucagon
uptake, synthesis
lipolysis
synthesis
glucagon
