Neuro 8 Flashcards
MLF is damaged in __
paired neural tract of CN__/__
conjugate horizontal eye movement activated by __
project to contra pontine __, sending efferents to ipsi CN __ nucleus in dorsal pons
CN 6 projects to ipsi __ muscle to abduct eye and contralateral __ subnucleus of CN3 to adduct the eye via MLF
unilateral MLF lesion w lacunar stroke to __ artery or bilateral due to __
pt has impaired __ of ipsi eye
converegence/light reflex is __
also N
INO
3/6
frontal eye fields
RF
6
lateral Rectus, medial rectus
pontine. MS
adduction
normal
nystagmus
__ controls vertical gaze in dorsal mibrain
macula is made of densely pack __ synapsing on bipolar cells
highest __
lesion results in central __
Macular degen- central blindness in __ pt
loss central vision due to deposition of __ behind retina (dry MD) and __ of retina (wet MD)
superior colliculus
cones
visual acuity
scotoma
elderly
fatty tissue
neovasc
ALS has damage to __ seen w LMN lesion and __ of CS tracts w UMN lesion
Resp comps like __ is cause of death
mild atrophy of __ gyrus
mutation in Copper Zinc superoxide dysmutate aka __
Poliomyelitis damages __
pure __ disease
anterior horn, demyelination
aspiration PNA
precentral
SOD1
anterior
LMN
pt w nicotinic (dysphagia/diplopia) and muscarinic blockade (dry mouth) has __ infection
on electromyography, seen as dec in ___
will improve w __ movement
presents w __ flaccid paralysis
C botulinum
CMAP
repetitive
descending
cerebellar hemisphere responsible for motor __/__ of ipsi extremities
damage results in ipsi D, d, and _ tremor
vermis is responsible for __/__ posture
lesion results in __
Vertigo/nystagmus can occur w damage to inferior vermis and __ lobe
planning/coordination
dysdiadachokinesia, dysmetria, intention
axial/truncal
ataxia
flocculonodular
spnal cord __ results in Brown Sequard Syndrome
lesion of __ reults in flaccid ipsi paralysis at level of lesion
lesion of __ tract results in ipsi spastic paresis below
damage to __ results in loss of ipsi pain/temp below
damage to __ tract results in contra pain/temp below lesion
complete transection of spinal cord results in loss of __
hemisection
anterior horn
lateral CS
dorsal column
lateral ST
all sensation
mcc of deep IC hemorrhage is __ vasculopathy of small penetrating bracnhes of cerebral arteries
usually located in __ structures
predisposes to __ aneursym
__ is progressive HA/NV and nonlocalized neuro sx
hypertensive
deep brain
CB
hypertensive enceph
DRESS rxn occurs after exposure to anticonvulsants like P/C, allopurinol, sulfonamides like S and ab like M/V
sx include F, generalized __, __ edema, __ rash
labs show E, abnormal __, __ ALT
phenytoin, carb, sulfasalazine, minocycline/vanc
LAD, facial, mobiiform
eosinophilia, lymphs, inc
as PD progresses, therapeutic window for Levidopa __ due to NS degen
leads to fluctuation in __
process is ___
do not use __
SE of carbamezepine __ suppression w anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia
monitor __
__ leading to hypoNa
SE of ethosuximide are G_ and D
dec
drug levels
variable
drug holiday
bone marrow
labs
SIADH
GI, drowsy
occlusion of __ leads to contralateral homonyous hemaniopia
PVC receives info from contra visual field via ipsi __
__ gyrus receives info from lower visual field
__ gyrus receives info from upper visual field
lesion of __ leads to lower quadrantopia
lesion of __ leads to upper quadrantopia
PCA
LGN
cuneate
lingular
cuneate
lingular
sudden visual loss wout pain is occlusion of __ artery
macular affected w homonyous hemaniopia has occluded the __ artery
__ is MAOB inhib which can prevent MPTP induced damage to dopaminergic neurons
use L/C as last tx for parkinsons
central retinal
MCA
selegiline
levodopa/carbidpoa
__ is melatonin agonist used for insomnia in elderly
binds to melatonin receptors in __
avoid __/__/_ in elderly
CN __ exits laterally, CN __ medially to CN 7 at pontomedullary jxn
dx SAH w __ or __
Ramelteon
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Antihistamines, benzos, TCA
8, 6
CT, LP
infection of medial face/sinuses or teeth may spead via valveless __ system to cavernous sinus
pt presents w HA, p__ and defects in CN __/__/__
unable to move __
Benzos bind GABAa receptor and inc __ of opening Cl channels
__ bind to GABAa Cl channels and inc __ of opening
longer __ effects, not used for __
facial vein
ptosis, 3, 6, 5
eyes
freq
Barbs, duration
hangover, insomnia
CN 7 exits the __ foramen and courses through the __ gland to innervate muscles of expression
Malignant tumors of parotid gland will compress __
stylomastoid, parotid
CN 7
NF2 aka __ neurofibromatosis
mutation in __ NF2 gene on chromosome __
NF1 is a tumor in the __
think __ in pt w corneal transplant, implanted electrode, or implanted GH
patches of demyelination due to infection of oligodendrocytes in HIV pt is __
central
merlin, 22
peripheral nervous system
polyoma JV virus
pt w memory loss of recent events, executive dysfxn and visuospatial impairment has __
look for __ in temporal lobe
Ab core surrounded by __
neurofibrillary tangles are present in __
pt w cavernous hemangioma of brain occurs above __
tendency to bleed w formation of ___
AD
neuritic plaques
dystrophic neurites
cytoplasm
tentorium
intraparenchymal hemorrhages
__ dz is AD w pt at risk for RCC
see capillary hemangioblastomas in __/__ and __/__ in kidney/liver/pancreas
__ is AD disorder w facial/leptomeningeal angiomas
neevus flameus in __/__ of face
assc w M, S, skull __
may have tram track __
vHL
cerebellum/retina
cyst/neoplasm
sturge weber
V1/V2
mental retard, seizure, radioopacities
calcifications
__ is AD condition w cortical/subependymal hamartomas
see a, visceral __, a, and cardiac ___
think __ in bacterial meningitis of IC elderly pt
transmitted via __ foods
tx w __
TS
angiofibromas, cysts, angiomyoplipoma, rhabdomyoma
Listeria
uncooked
ampicillin
__ herniation occurs when medial temporal lobe herniates through tentorium
can be __ w cingulate gyrus going under falx cerebri and compressing the ACA
can be __ w tonsils compressing medulla
sx
__ palsy
compressed __ w contralateal homonymous hemianopsia
compressed contra cerebral peduncle leads to __ hemiparesis
hemorrahage of __ is fatal
transtentorial
subfalcine
tonsillar
CN3
PCA
ipsi
basilar artery
anuerysm of __ can compress lateral optic chiasm
leads to ipsi __ hemianopia
__ malformation characterized by absence of vermis and cystic dilation of __ w posterior fossa enlargement
pt presents w __ delay and macrocephaly
may have U, lack of C
may see __hydrocephalus due to atresia of Foramina L/M
may have malformation of F/H/L
ICA
nasal
Dandy walker, 4th ventricle developmental unsteady, coordination noncommunicating face, heart, limbs
young woman w MS may have sx worsening w inc __ due to slowed neural condxn of unmyelinated nerves
optic neuritis presents w swelling of __
assc w HLA
subdural hematoma occurs in elderly bc of age related __
this strains __ as distance from skull to brain inc
body temp
optic disc
DRB1
brain atrophy
cerebral veins
tissue repair in the CNS is a fxn of __, resulting in a glial __ and hypertrophy
astrocytes/oligodendrocytes derived from __
__ fxn in repair/support/BBB
__ fxn in producing myelin
__ have small cell bodies, GFAP, round nuclei
__ have small nuclei and halo, few processes
astrocytes
glial scar
neuroectoderm
astrocytes
oligoden
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
__ dementia destroys frontal lobe first
early personality/__ changes like apathy/social inappropriateness
may have altered __ patterns
AD more commonly affects __
less Ach released from N__ and H
deficient in __ acetyltransferase
__ disease must have presence of a movement disorder
__ receptors are depleted
Pick disease
behavior
speech
memory
NBoM, hippocampus
choline
huntington
NMDA
CN 7 fxns motor to \_\_ muscles PNS innervation to L, S, S glands taste to \_\_ of tongue sensory of P, E
alcoholic/malnutrition pt should be admin __ before glucose
Thiamine plays a role in __ dehydrogenase, AKetogluate __, brached chain a __, and T__
dx if baseline RBC __ activity inc w adding TPP
facial
lacrimal, salivary, submandibular
anterior 2/3
pinna, external ear
VB1
pyruvate
dehydrogenase, ketoacid dehydro, transketolase
transketolase
__ is the most common brain tumor in adults
arises from A__, located in __
usually cause __
macro views shows N and H
think __ if tumor appears in multiples and is well circum at GW jxn
__ is a brain tumor found in the white matter cerebral hemispheres
appear as well circum __ masses w Ca
glioblastoma
astrocytes, cerebral hemispheres
mass effect
necrosis/hemorrhage
metastasis
oligodendrogliomas, gray
__ is seen in IC pt as multiple brain lesions in grey/white matter and cortex
10-12 YO patient w absence seizure has inc risk of developing _/__ seizure
__ does not tx, but V and other broad spectrums can
primary B cell lymphoma
generalized TC, myoclonic
ethosuximide, valproate
mamillary bodies will be h/n w wernicke enceph
look for __ findings, A, and c/d
\_\_ nerve innervates deltoid/teres minor carries fibers of C_/_ runs through quadrangular space superior by \_\_ laterally by \_\_ medially by \_\_ triceps inferiorly by \_\_
found along __ of humerus
injury leads to lost sensation over / arm and weakness on __
hemorrhage/necrosis
ocular, ataxia, confusion/disorientation
axillary 5-6 teres minor humerus long head teres major
surgical neck
upper/lateral
abduction
__ occurs w axon damage, distal to site of injury
swelling, w __ axon
fragments ingested by __/__
degenrates proximal segment to closest __
axonal reaction occurs in \_\_ show cellular \_\_ swell, round, \_\_ displaced to periphery \_\_ becomes dispersed caused by inc synth of\_\_ by cells to regenerate axon
wallerian degeneration
destroyed, schwann/macros
node of Ranvier
neuron body edema nucleus nissl substnce proteins
__ atrophy seen w dec size/number of neurons
compression
