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UWorld > Neuro 8 > Flashcards

Neuro 8 Flashcards

1
Q

MLF is damaged in __
paired neural tract of CN__/__

conjugate horizontal eye movement activated by __
project to contra pontine __, sending efferents to ipsi CN __ nucleus in dorsal pons

CN 6 projects to ipsi __ muscle to abduct eye and contralateral __ subnucleus of CN3 to adduct the eye via MLF

unilateral MLF lesion w lacunar stroke to __ artery or bilateral due to __

pt has impaired __ of ipsi eye
converegence/light reflex is __
also N

A

INO
3/6

frontal eye fields
RF
6

lateral Rectus, medial rectus

pontine. MS

adduction
normal
nystagmus

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2
Q

__ controls vertical gaze in dorsal mibrain

macula is made of densely pack __ synapsing on bipolar cells
highest __
lesion results in central __

Macular degen- central blindness in __ pt
loss central vision due to deposition of __ behind retina (dry MD) and __ of retina (wet MD)

A

superior colliculus

cones
visual acuity
scotoma

elderly
fatty tissue
neovasc

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3
Q

ALS has damage to __ seen w LMN lesion and __ of CS tracts w UMN lesion
Resp comps like __ is cause of death

mild atrophy of __ gyrus
mutation in Copper Zinc superoxide dysmutate aka __

Poliomyelitis damages __
pure __ disease

A

anterior horn, demyelination
aspiration PNA

precentral
SOD1

anterior
LMN

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4
Q

pt w nicotinic (dysphagia/diplopia) and muscarinic blockade (dry mouth) has __ infection
on electromyography, seen as dec in ___

will improve w __ movement

presents w __ flaccid paralysis

A

C botulinum
CMAP

repetitive

descending

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5
Q

cerebellar hemisphere responsible for motor __/__ of ipsi extremities

damage results in ipsi D, d, and _ tremor

vermis is responsible for __/__ posture
lesion results in __
Vertigo/nystagmus can occur w damage to inferior vermis and __ lobe

A

planning/coordination

dysdiadachokinesia, dysmetria, intention

axial/truncal
ataxia
flocculonodular

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6
Q

spnal cord __ results in Brown Sequard Syndrome
lesion of __ reults in flaccid ipsi paralysis at level of lesion

lesion of __ tract results in ipsi spastic paresis below

damage to __ results in loss of ipsi pain/temp below

damage to __ tract results in contra pain/temp below lesion

complete transection of spinal cord results in loss of __

A

hemisection
anterior horn

lateral CS

dorsal column

lateral ST

all sensation

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7
Q

mcc of deep IC hemorrhage is __ vasculopathy of small penetrating bracnhes of cerebral arteries

usually located in __ structures

predisposes to __ aneursym

__ is progressive HA/NV and nonlocalized neuro sx

A

hypertensive

deep brain

CB

hypertensive enceph

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8
Q

DRESS rxn occurs after exposure to anticonvulsants like P/C, allopurinol, sulfonamides like S and ab like M/V

sx include F, generalized __, __ edema, __ rash
labs show E, abnormal __, __ ALT

A

phenytoin, carb, sulfasalazine, minocycline/vanc

LAD, facial, mobiiform
eosinophilia, lymphs, inc

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9
Q

as PD progresses, therapeutic window for Levidopa __ due to NS degen
leads to fluctuation in __
process is ___
do not use __

SE of carbamezepine __ suppression w anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia
monitor __
__ leading to hypoNa

SE of ethosuximide are G_ and D

A

dec
drug levels
variable
drug holiday

bone marrow
labs
SIADH

GI, drowsy

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10
Q

occlusion of __ leads to contralateral homonyous hemaniopia
PVC receives info from contra visual field via ipsi __

__ gyrus receives info from lower visual field
__ gyrus receives info from upper visual field
lesion of __ leads to lower quadrantopia
lesion of __ leads to upper quadrantopia

A

PCA
LGN

cuneate
lingular
cuneate
lingular

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11
Q

sudden visual loss wout pain is occlusion of __ artery

macular affected w homonyous hemaniopia has occluded the __ artery

__ is MAOB inhib which can prevent MPTP induced damage to dopaminergic neurons

use L/C as last tx for parkinsons

A

central retinal

MCA

selegiline

levodopa/carbidpoa

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12
Q

__ is melatonin agonist used for insomnia in elderly
binds to melatonin receptors in __

avoid __/__/_ in elderly

CN __ exits laterally, CN __ medially to CN 7 at pontomedullary jxn

dx SAH w __ or __

A

Ramelteon
suprachiasmatic nucleus

Antihistamines, benzos, TCA

8, 6

CT, LP

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13
Q

infection of medial face/sinuses or teeth may spead via valveless __ system to cavernous sinus
pt presents w HA, p__ and defects in CN __/__/__
unable to move __

Benzos bind GABAa receptor and inc __ of opening Cl channels

__ bind to GABAa Cl channels and inc __ of opening
longer __ effects, not used for __

A

facial vein
ptosis, 3, 6, 5
eyes

freq

Barbs, duration
hangover, insomnia

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14
Q

CN 7 exits the __ foramen and courses through the __ gland to innervate muscles of expression

Malignant tumors of parotid gland will compress __

A

stylomastoid, parotid

CN 7

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15
Q

NF2 aka __ neurofibromatosis
mutation in __ NF2 gene on chromosome __

NF1 is a tumor in the __

think __ in pt w corneal transplant, implanted electrode, or implanted GH

patches of demyelination due to infection of oligodendrocytes in HIV pt is __

A

central
merlin, 22

peripheral nervous system

polyoma JV virus

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16
Q

pt w memory loss of recent events, executive dysfxn and visuospatial impairment has __
look for __ in temporal lobe
Ab core surrounded by __
neurofibrillary tangles are present in __

pt w cavernous hemangioma of brain occurs above __
tendency to bleed w formation of ___

A

AD
neuritic plaques
dystrophic neurites
cytoplasm

tentorium
intraparenchymal hemorrhages

17
Q

__ dz is AD w pt at risk for RCC
see capillary hemangioblastomas in __/__ and __/__ in kidney/liver/pancreas

__ is AD disorder w facial/leptomeningeal angiomas
neevus flameus in __/__ of face
assc w M, S, skull __
may have tram track __

A

vHL
cerebellum/retina
cyst/neoplasm

sturge weber
V1/V2
mental retard, seizure, radioopacities
calcifications

18
Q

__ is AD condition w cortical/subependymal hamartomas
see a, visceral __, a, and cardiac ___

think __ in bacterial meningitis of IC elderly pt
transmitted via __ foods
tx w __

A

TS
angiofibromas, cysts, angiomyoplipoma, rhabdomyoma

Listeria
uncooked
ampicillin

19
Q

__ herniation occurs when medial temporal lobe herniates through tentorium
can be __ w cingulate gyrus going under falx cerebri and compressing the ACA

can be __ w tonsils compressing medulla

sx
__ palsy
compressed __ w contralateal homonymous hemianopsia
compressed contra cerebral peduncle leads to __ hemiparesis
hemorrahage of __ is fatal

A

transtentorial
subfalcine

tonsillar

CN3
PCA
ipsi
basilar artery

20
Q

anuerysm of __ can compress lateral optic chiasm
leads to ipsi __ hemianopia

__ malformation characterized by absence of vermis and cystic dilation of __ w posterior fossa enlargement
pt presents w __ delay and macrocephaly
may have U, lack of C
may see __hydrocephalus due to atresia of Foramina L/M
may have malformation of F/H/L

A

ICA
nasal

Dandy walker, 4th ventricle
developmental
unsteady, coordination
noncommunicating
face, heart, limbs
21
Q

young woman w MS may have sx worsening w inc __ due to slowed neural condxn of unmyelinated nerves
optic neuritis presents w swelling of __
assc w HLA

subdural hematoma occurs in elderly bc of age related __
this strains __ as distance from skull to brain inc

A

body temp
optic disc
DRB1

brain atrophy
cerebral veins

22
Q

tissue repair in the CNS is a fxn of __, resulting in a glial __ and hypertrophy
astrocytes/oligodendrocytes derived from __

__ fxn in repair/support/BBB
__ fxn in producing myelin

__ have small cell bodies, GFAP, round nuclei
__ have small nuclei and halo, few processes

A

astrocytes
glial scar
neuroectoderm

astrocytes
oligoden

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes

23
Q

__ dementia destroys frontal lobe first
early personality/__ changes like apathy/social inappropriateness
may have altered __ patterns

AD more commonly affects __
less Ach released from N__ and H
deficient in __ acetyltransferase

__ disease must have presence of a movement disorder
__ receptors are depleted

A

Pick disease
behavior
speech

memory
NBoM, hippocampus
choline

huntington
NMDA

24
Q 
CN 7 fxns
motor to \_\_ muscles
PNS innervation to L, S, S glands
taste to \_\_ of tongue
sensory of P, E

alcoholic/malnutrition pt should be admin __ before glucose
Thiamine plays a role in __ dehydrogenase, AKetogluate __, brached chain a __, and T__
dx if baseline RBC __ activity inc w adding TPP

A

facial
lacrimal, salivary, submandibular
anterior 2/3
pinna, external ear

VB1
pyruvate
dehydrogenase, ketoacid dehydro, transketolase
transketolase

25
Q

__ is the most common brain tumor in adults
arises from A__, located in __
usually cause __
macro views shows N and H

think __ if tumor appears in multiples and is well circum at GW jxn

__ is a brain tumor found in the white matter cerebral hemispheres
appear as well circum __ masses w Ca

A

glioblastoma
astrocytes, cerebral hemispheres
mass effect
necrosis/hemorrhage

metastasis

oligodendrogliomas, gray

26
Q

__ is seen in IC pt as multiple brain lesions in grey/white matter and cortex

10-12 YO patient w absence seizure has inc risk of developing _/__ seizure
__ does not tx, but V and other broad spectrums can

A

primary B cell lymphoma

generalized TC, myoclonic
ethosuximide, valproate

27
Q

mamillary bodies will be h/n w wernicke enceph
look for __ findings, A, and c/d

\_\_ nerve innervates deltoid/teres minor
carries fibers of C_/_
runs through quadrangular space 
superior by \_\_
laterally by \_\_
medially by \_\_ triceps
inferiorly by \_\_

found along __ of humerus
injury leads to lost sensation over / arm and weakness on __

A

hemorrhage/necrosis
ocular, ataxia, confusion/disorientation

axillary
5-6
teres minor
humerus
long head
teres major

surgical neck
upper/lateral
abduction

28
Q

__ occurs w axon damage, distal to site of injury
swelling, w __ axon
fragments ingested by __/__
degenrates proximal segment to closest __

axonal reaction occurs in \_\_
show cellular \_\_
swell, round, \_\_ displaced to periphery
\_\_ becomes dispersed
caused by inc synth of\_\_ by cells to regenerate axon
A

wallerian degeneration
destroyed, schwann/macros
node of Ranvier

neuron body
edema
nucleus
nissl substnce
proteins
29
Q

__ atrophy seen w dec size/number of neurons

A

compression

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